What are the basic elements (要素) of good manners? Certainly a strong sense of justice is one; courtesy
(谦恭) is often   1   more than a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend of mine once told me about a
time he was   2   along a narrow, unpaved (未铺柏油的) mountain road.    3   was another car that produced
clouds of   4   , and it was a long way to the nearest   5   highway. Suddenly, at a   6   place, the car ahead
pulled off the road.   7  that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything
was wrong."   8   ,"said the other driver,"but you've endured (忍受) my dust this far; I'll   9   with yours the
rest of the way."
     Another element of courtesy is empathy (善解人意), a  10  that enables a person to see into the mind or
heart of someone else, to understand the pain or  11  there and to do something to minimize it. A man  12  
alone in a restaurant was trying to open the cap of a beer bottle,  13  he couldn't do it because of badly injured
  14 . He asked a young busboy to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back  15  and loosened the
cap without difficulty. Then he  16   it again. Turning back to the man, he  17  to make great efforts to open
the bottle without success.  18  he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed
to loosen it-but only with a pair of pliers (钳子).
     Yet another element of politeness is the ability to treat all people  19 , in spite of all status or importance.
   20   when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may
also be astonished to find out what they really are. Courtesy is the key to a happier world.