问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成问题。

万石君传

  万石君,名奋,其父赵人也,姓石氏。赵亡,徙居温。高祖东击项籍,过河内,时奋年十五,为小吏,侍高祖。高祖与语,爱其恭敬,问曰:“若何有?”对曰:“奋独有母,不幸失明。家贫。有姊,能鼓琴。”高祖曰:“若能从我乎?”曰:“愿尽力。”于是高祖召其姊为美人,以奋为中涓,受书谒,徙其家长安中戚里,以姊为美人故也。其官至孝文时,积功劳至大中大夫。无文学,恭谨无与比。

  文帝时,东阳侯张相如为太子太傅,免。选可为傅者,皆推奋,奋为太子太傅。及孝景即位,以为九卿;迫近,惮之,徙奋为诸侯相。奋长子建,次子甲,次子乙[剐,次子庆,皆以驯行孝谨,官皆至二千石。于是景帝曰:“石君及四子皆二千石,人臣尊宠乃集其门。”号各为万石君。

  孝景帝季年,万石君以上大夫禄归老于家,以岁时为朝臣。过宫门阙,万石君必下车趋,见路马必式焉。子孙为小吏,来归谒,万石君必朝服见之,不名。子孙有过失,不谯让,为便坐,对案不食。然后诸子相责,因长老肉袒固谢罪,改之,乃许。子孙胜冠者在侧,虽燕居必冠,申申如也。僮仆诉诉如也,唯谨。上时赐食于家,必稽首俯伏而食之,如在上前。其执丧,哀戚甚悼。子孙遵教,亦如之。万石君家以孝谨闻于郡国,虽齐鲁诸儒质行,皆自以为不及也。

  建老白首,万石君尚无恙。建为郎中令,每五日洗沐归谒亲,入子舍,窃问侍者,取亲中裙,身自浣涤,复与侍者,不敢令万石君知,以为常。建为郎中令,事有可言,屏人恣言,极切;至廷见,如不能言者。是以上乃亲尊礼之。

  万石君徙居陵里。内史庆醉归,入外门不下车。万石君闻之,不食。庆恐,肉袒请罪,不许。举宗及兄建肉袒,万石君让曰:“内史贵人,入闾里,里中长老皆走匿,而内史坐车中自如,固当!”乃谢罢庆。庆及诸子弟入里门,趋至家。

  万石君以元朔五年中卒。(节选自《史记·万石张叔列传》)

  [注]此二子之名史书阙载,故司马迁以甲、乙代替。

1.下列各组句子中,加粗的词的意义和用法相同的一组是(     )

A.①申申也②至廷见,不能言者

B.①燕居必冠②齐鲁诸儒质行,皆自以为不及也

C.①及孝景即位,以九卿②皆自以不及也

D.①皆驯行孝谨,官皆至二千石②奋为中涓

2.下列各组句子中,分别直接表明万石君自身“恭谨无比”和其子孙“驯行孝谨”的一组是(     )

A.①虽燕居必冠,申申如也 ②子孙有过失,不谯让,为便坐,对案不食

B.①至廷见,如不能言者 ②庆及诸子弟入里门,趋至家

C.①其执丧,哀戚甚悼 ②取亲中裙,身自浣涤,复与侍者

D.①上时赐食于家,必稽首俯伏而食之 ②万石君家以孝谨闻于郡国

3.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是(     )

A.石奋原为一名小吏,高祖喜爱他的恭敬,封他做了中涓的官职。孝文帝、孝景帝时,石奋官位越升越高,四个儿子也都因品行驯良、孝顺严谨做到了二千石的官位,由此石奋被呼为“万石君”。

B.在石奋的影响下,他的子孙们也都恭敬无比,就连他家的仆人待人做事也谨慎恭敬。石奋家由此闻名于郡国之中,即使齐鲁那些品行质朴的儒生,都自认为赶不上万石君。

C.石奋要求长子石建每次休假回家拜谒父亲时,都要先进入仆人的小屋,偷偷向侍者询问长辈的情况,并取来长辈的衣服亲自洗涤,再交给侍者。

D.石奋的儿子石庆酒醉归来,进入里巷的大门还不下车,石奋听说后非常生气,当众严厉斥责了石庆,从此以后,石庆和其他子弟进入里门,都下车小步疾走。

4.把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)然后诸子相责,因长老肉袒固谢罪,改之,乃许。

译文:__________________________________________

(2)上时赐食于家,必稽首俯伏而食之,如在上前。

译文:__________________________________________

答案

1.B

2.C

3.C

4.(1)然后其他子孙纷纷责备(犯错误的人),再通过族中长辈(求情),(本人)袒露脊背,诚恳地认错谢罪,表示改正错误,万石君才答应他们的请求。

(2)皇上不时派人到他家中赏赐食物,万石君必定行最恭敬的稽首礼,俯身低头吃了它,就像在皇上面前一样。

阅读理解

阅读文章后,从第50至53题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。

For the first 10 years after the Wright brothers' original flight in 1903, flying was only a sport.It was a pastime for daredevils (不怕死的人).One very determined daredevil was Bessie Coleman.She was the first black woman to fly an airplane.

Coleman, born in Texas in 1892, the tenth of 13 children, dreamed of becoming a pilot.To earn money for flying lessons, she washed other people's laundry.At the age of 19 she took a train to Chicago, where she began to study in a beauty school.For five years she worked in a barbershop, and then she looked for a flying school.There were none in the United States that would teach women, but Coleman heard that there were schools in France that would.So she studied the language and sailed off to France.

When she returned to the United States in 1921, Coleman was the first licensed black woman pilot.Her "aerial acrobatic (航空特技)exhibitions" impressed audiences.She took her airplane through loop-the-loops and flew upside down.She did slow rolls and sharp rolls.Audiences were amazed when she performed a move called "falling leaf."

Coleman became a famous person.She performed her acrobatic flights all over the country.She also spoke to African-American audiences in schools, churches, and theatres.Fly, she told them.Be a part of the new aviation(航空) industry.Many young African-American men listened to her.Some became honored military pilots during World War II.Many others made their careers in aviation.

On April 29, 1926, Coleman was flying when a tool carelessly left in the airplane hit the control stick.The plane went into a dive and did not recover.The daring 34-year-old pilot was killed.

小题1:Bessie Coleman went to France to ____.

A.work in a barbershop

B.study the language

C.look for a flying school

D.take flying lessons小题2:Which of the following is probably an "aerial acrobatic"?

A.Flying upside down.

B.Speaking to audiences.

C.Getting a pilot's licence.

D.Impressing audiences.小题3:The underlined word "exhibition" in paragraph 3 means _____.

A.a holding back

B.a public show

C.falling leaf

D.loop-the-loops小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?

A.An early daredevil

B.The first flying woman

C.A pioneer in aviation

D.The first licensed black pilot

填空题