问题 解答题

马戏团的小猴子,在驯养员发出指令后,台做出倒立、翻筋斗等复杂动作.这是复杂反射的一个例子,复杂反射是怎样形成的呢?我们在用鸡、哨子和米作为实验材料进行探究的过程中,发现在一段时间内将给鸡喂米与吹哨的信息结合起来,鸡将形成对哨声刺激的反射.

请你根据上述材料分析回答问题:

(1)参与反射的神经结构是______,复杂反射的神经中枢位于______,

(2)将喂米与哨声结合时,应先给予______.(填“哨声”或“食物”)

(3)将用于实验的鸡分为实验组和对照组,给予哨声刺激的是______组.

(4)训练完成后,将实验组和对照组混养在一起,给予哨声刺激,实验组的表现是______;对照组的表现是______.

(5)由上述实验,你可以得出的结论是______.

(6)联系自己的生活经验,列举一个建立复杂反射的实例______.

答案

(1)神经调节的基本方式是反射,参与反射活动的神经结构基础称为反射弧,包括感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经和效应器.反射必须通过反射弧来完成,缺少任何一个环节反射活动都不能完成,如传出神经受损,即使有适宜的刺激人体也不会作出反应,因为效应器接收不到神经传来的神经冲动.大鸡对哨声的反应是出生后才有的,是在非条件反射的基础上,是在用哨声和食物重复结合多次,一段时间后形成的,是经过学习训练获得的,在大脑皮层参与下完成的条件反射.

(2)条件反射是人出生以后在生活过程中逐渐形成的后天性反射,是在非条件反射的基础上,经过一定的过程,在大脑皮层参与下完成的,是一种高级的神经活动,是高级神经活动的基本方式.大鸡对哨声的反应是出生后才有的,是在非条件反射的基础上,是在用哨声和食物重复结合多次,一段时间后形成的,是经过学习训练获得的,在大脑皮层参与下完成的条件反射.(3)在研究一种条件对研究对象的影响时,所进行的除了这种条件不同外,其他条件都相同的实验叫做对照实验,这种不同的条件只有一个,就是单一实验变量.设置一组对照实验,使实验结果具有说服力.一般地,对实验变量进行处理的,就是实验组.没有处理的就是对照组.(4)训练完成后,将实验组和对照组混养在一起,给予哨声刺激,实验组的表现是听到哨声,聚集到一起吃食;对照组的表现是没有反应(5)大鸡对哨声的反应是出生后才有的,是在非条件反射的基础上,是在用哨声和食物重复结合多次,一段时间后形成的,是经过学习训练获得的,在大脑皮层参与下完成的条件反射.因此有关刺激与无关刺激的多次结合就建立了条件反射.(6)本题是开放性试题,言之有理就正确.

故答案为:

(1)反射弧大脑

(2)哨声

(3)实验

(4)听到哨声,聚集到一起吃食没有反应

(5)有关刺激与无关刺激的多次结合就建立了条件反射

(6)开放性试题,符合题意即可

填空题
阅读短文,根据短文内容,从短文的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有一个选项为多余选项。
     In 1975, Junko Tabei became the first woman to reach the top of Mount Everest in the Himalaya Mountains, the highest mountain in the world at 29,035 feet.   
     Junko was born in 1939 and grew up in a small town in Japan. During her childhood, she was thin and
weak.1_____. The students climbed two mountains, and Junko loved it. She could climb in her own time and
ability.   
     After Junko graduated from university in 1962, she joined several climbing clubs. 2_____. Some refused to
climb with a woman. In 1965, Junko married a well-known Japanese climber. Over the years, they climbed all
the highest mountains of Japan.   
     Meanwhile Junko started a woman's climbing club. By 1972, she was chosen to lead a team of women to
climb Mount Everest. It took three years for the 15 women to train and raise money for their climb.   
     3_____. They found nine guides to help them climb up the mountain. Everything went well until the morning of May 4. Suddenly a huge amount of snow and ice fell on them. One guide saved Junko. She rushed to help
others. Everyone was alive but they had injuries, including Junko. 4_____. About two weeks later, on May 16,
Junko reached the top of Mount Everest. Later she said, "I can't understand why men make all this fuss (过于
关注) about Everest - it's only a mountain." 
A. But they had mostly men members
B. However, the team decided to continue their climb
C. At age 10, Junko went on a school trip
D. So they stopped going on climbing at once Finally in 1975,
     the team went to climb the mountain
单项选择题