问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文本选段,完成1~4题。

  呜呼!盛衰之理,虽日天命,岂非人事哉!原庄宗之所以得天下,与其所以失之者,可以知之矣。

  世言晋王之将终也,以三矢赐庄宗而告之曰:“梁,吾仇也;燕王,吾所立;契丹与吾约为兄弟,而皆背晋以归梁。此三者,吾遗恨也。与尔三矢,尔其无忘乃父之志!”庄宗受而藏之于庙。其后用兵,则遣从事以一少牢告庙,请其矢,盛以锦囊,负而前驱,及凯旋而纳之。

  方其系燕父子以组,函梁君臣之首,入于太庙,还矢先王,而告以成功,其意气之盛,可谓壮哉!及仇雠已灭,天下已定,一夫夜呼,乱者四应,仓皇东出,未及见贼而士卒离散,君臣相顾,不知所归,至于誓天断发,泣下沾襟,何其衰也!岂得之难而失之易欤?抑本其成败之迹,而皆自于人欤?《书》曰:“满招损,谦得益。”忧劳可以兴国,逸豫可以亡身,自然之理也。

  故方其盛也,举天下之豪杰,莫能与之争;及其衰也,数十伶人困之,而身死国灭,为天下笑。夫祸患常积于忽微,而智勇多困于所溺,岂独伶人也哉

1.下列各组句中加粗词的意义和用法相同的一项是(   )

A.①尔无忘乃父之志 ②独为文犹可识日,“花山”

B.①盛锦囊     ②而此独钟名,何哉

C.①而智勇多困所溺 ②余仆碑,又以悲夫古书之不存

D.①尔其无忘父之志 ②不知有汉,无论魏晋

2.下面加粗的词语解释正确的一项是(   )

A.庄宗之所以得天下  原:原来

B.忧劳可以国     兴:兴盛

C.梁君臣之首     函:用木匣子装着

D.而皆晋以归梁    背:背着

3.下列对原文分析评价不正确的一项是(   )

A.这篇小序主要论述后唐得天下和失天下的历史教训,侧重阐明国家的盛衰在于“人事”和“忧劳可以兴国,逸豫可以亡身”的道理。

B.本文为了总结历史教训,具有明显的针对性,采用了借古讽今的手法。并非无病呻吟,而是寓有无穷的感慨,既是史论,又是针对现实而发的政论。

C.本文紧紧抓住一兴一亡的对比,十分鲜明地推导出成败由人的道理。虽是议论文,所举的人物极富形象性,神态如生,如写李克用寥寥数语表现了他愤恨填膺的神态。

D.本文意在告诫当朝者吸取“逸豫可以亡身”的历史教训,不要重蹈后唐灭亡的覆辙。

4.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)抑本其成败之迹,而皆自于人欤?

译文:_____________________________________

(2)夫祸患常积于忽微,而智勇多困于所溺,岂独伶人也哉?

译文:_____________________________________

答案

1.B

2.C

3.D

4.(1)或者说推究他成功与失败的事迹,都由于人事呢。

  (2)祸患常常是从细微的事情积累起来的,人的才智勇气往往被他溺爱的事物困扰,难道只是溺爱伶人才如此吗?(意对即可)

计算题
阅读理解

When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, clothes and cars.

A true friendship carries a long history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a treasure we should protect. Unfortunately, the better friends you are, the more probably you’ll have disagreements. And the result can be what you don’t want ---an end to the relationship.

The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended. First, don’t let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when your’re wrong---even if you’ve been wronged. Over the course of a friendship, even the best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes the lead and apologizes. When you apologize, give your friend a chance to admit that he has been wrong also. Third, see things from your friend’s point of view. And finally, accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyle change. Making friends can sometimes seem easy. The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: consider friendship an honour and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture.

小题1:What is likely to happen if you have disagreements with your friends?

A.An end to the friendships.

B.Getting experience for the later life.

C.Quarrelling with each other.

D.Sitting down and have a talk.小题2:The author wrote the article mainly to tell us ________.

A.how to make friends

B.the benefits of making friends

C.what is a true friendship

D.how to mend a troubled friendship小题3:The underlined word “nurture” probably means ________.

A.mend

B.develop

C.keep

D.accept小题4:What causes the change of friendships?

A.Our characters.

B.Our hobbies.

C.Our living habits.

D.Our needs and lifestyle.小题5:Which of the following is True according to the passage?

A.A true friend can never have a disagreement with each other.

B.Most troubled friendships can be mended.

C.You don’t need to apologize when you know you are wronged.

D.Friends are more important than jobs, homes and cars.