问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成部题。

  苏轼生十年,父洵游学四方,母程氏亲授以书,闻古今成败,辄能语其要。程氏读东汉《范滂传》,慨然太息,轼请曰:“轼若为滂,母许之否乎?”程氏曰:“汝能为滂,吾顾不能为滂母邪?”比冠,博通经史。嘉佑二年,试礼部。以《春秋》对义居第一。后以书见欧阳修,修语梅圣俞曰:“吾当避此人出一头地。”

  知徐州。河决曹村,泛于梁山泊,城将败,富民争出避水。轼日:“富民出,民皆动摇,吾谁与守?吾在是,水决不能政城。”驱使复入。轼诣武卫营,呼卒长日:“河将害城,事急矣,虽禁军且为我尽力。”卒长日:“太守犹不避涂潦,吾侪小人,当效命。”雨日夜不止,轼庐于其上,过家不入,使官吏分堵以守,卒全其城。

  过金陵,见王安石,日:“大兵大狱,汉、唐灭亡之兆。祖宗以仁厚治天下,正欲革此。今西方用兵,连年不解,东南数起大狱,公独无一言以救之乎?”安石曰:“二事皆吕惠卿启之,安石在外,安敢言?”轼日:“在朝则言,在外则不言,事君之常礼耳。上所以待公者非常礼,公所以待上者,岂可以常礼乎?”安石厉声日:“安石须说。”又曰:“出在安石口,入在子瞻耳。”又曰:“人须是知行一不义,杀一不辜,得天下弗为,乃可。”轼戏日:“今之君子,争减半年磨勘①,虽杀人亦为之。”安石笑而不言。

  仁宗初读轼、辙制策,退而喜曰:“朕今日为子孙得两宰相矣。”神宗尤爱其文,宫中读之,膳进忘食,称为天下奇才。而卒不得大用。(选自《宋史?苏轼列传》)

1.对下列句子中加粗词的解释,不正确的一项是( )

A.冠,博通经史——比:等到

B.轼于其上,过家不入——庐:建房

C.大兵大,汉、唐灭亡之兆——狱:监狱

D.弄笔者始知自——振:振作

2.以下各组句子中,全都表明苏轼“才学”的一组是( )

①以《春秋》对义居第一

②使官吏分堵以守,卒全其城

③今西方用兵,连年不解

④在朝则言,在外则不言

⑤争减半年磨勘,虽杀人亦为之

⑥指出向上一路,新天下耳目

A.①⑥

B.①⑤

C.②⑥

D.③⑤

3.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是( )

A.苏轼从小就以东汉范滂为榜样,母亲赞许他的志向,并说儿子你能做范滂那样的人,母亲我也能像范母一样。

B.苏轼在徐州当政期间,遇到水灾,他身先士卒,发动城里的富人和禁军一起修筑城墙,最后徐州城得以保全。

C.路过金陵,苏轼劝王安石面对国家危险的政治局势要勇于向皇上进言,两人针砭官场现状,相谈甚欢。

D.苏轼才学受到欧阳修称颂,文章得到宋仁宗、宋神宗夸赞,词学成就被王灼褒奖,可惜他最终没有得到重用。

4.把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)河将害城,事急矣,虽禁军且为我尽力。

________________________________________

(2)上所以待公者非常礼,公所以待上者,岂可以常礼乎?

________________________________________

答案

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.(1)河水将要毁坏城墙,情势危急了,即使是禁军也暂且替我竭尽全力(抗洪)。

(2)皇帝用来对待您的是非同寻常的礼数,您用来对待皇上的,难道可以是寻常礼数吗?)

阅读理解

根据短文内容,从下边的A—F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。

A . The different structure of blue holes.        

B. Why scientists are interested in blue holes.        

C. How a blue hole comes into being.

D. Blue holes exploring is becoming popular.

E. Rules to obey when diving into blue holes.

F. The general definition of a blue hole.

小题1:______________

A blue hole is a flooded sea cave with a hole that opens up at the land's surface. These cave systems form in carbonate rock, often on islands. Some blue holes have very special rock formations and water chemistry. Far below sea level, they contain some of the harshest environments on Earth, with no oxygen and no light. Yet these areas are filled with life forms that have adapted to the extreme conditions.

小题2:___________

Blue holes get their name from the color some have when seen from the air. The color is usually a reflection of the sky on the water. Blue holes are the result of erosion in which water breaks down rock. Rain falling thousands of years ago contained chemicals which slowly wore away at the limestone landmass. These holes later filled with sea water as the sea level changed. The rising and falling of sea levels and the mixture of salt and fresh water further wore away at these cave formations.

小题3:___________

These flooded cave systems can be found in the ocean, or they can be found inland. Ocean caves are affected by tides, so they always have water movement. But blue holes on land are very still. They have several layers of water, chemicals, and bacteria. The top layer of fresh water comes from rainfall. This layer acts like a cap on top of the layered mixture, and keeps out oxygen from the atmosphere. The fresh water floats on a denser layer of saltwater. Underneath this is a layer of poisonous hydrogen sulfide, produced by bacteria living in the water. Underneath this layer is anoxic seawater -- water that does not contain any oxygen.

小题4:___________

Information gathered from these blue holes is helping scientists to increase their understanding of biology, archaeology and geology. But exploring these blue hole environments brings danger as well as discovery. Scientists are interested in these caves because oxygen-free conditions there are similar to those on Earth long ago, before oxygen existed on our planet. But there are many difficulties involved in diving into blue holes.

小题5:___________

One reason blue holes have not been fully explored is that they can be extremely dangerous. There are many safety rules that divers must follow to help ensure their survival. First, divers must have training and experience to swim in these caves. Divers who explore a cave for the first time must establish a thin rope called a guideline. This line helps them to safely enter and exit the cave without getting lost.

单项选择题