问题 综合题

儒家思想作为中国传统文化的主流思想,在历史的演进中不断被赋予新的使命。阅读下列材料,回答问题。(11分)

材料一 孔子曰:“能行五者于天下······恭、宽、信、敏、惠······惠则足以使人”。 颜渊问仁。子曰:““克已复礼为仁······非礼勿视,非礼勿听,非礼勿言,非礼勿动。”

——《论语》

(1)根据材料一指出孔子思想体系的核心。(2分)

材料二 听众人议以治国,国危无日矣。何以知其然也?老耽贵柔,孔子贵仁,墨翟贵廉,关尹贵清,子列子贵虚,陈骈贵齐,阳生贵己,孙膑贵势,王廖贵先,儿良贵后。有金鼓,所以一耳也;同法令,所以一心也;智者不得巧,愚者不得拙,所以一众也;勇者不得先,惧者不得后,所以一力也。故一则治,异则乱;一则安,异则危。

——《吕氏春秋》(战国末年秦国丞相吕不韦集合而成)

材料三 董仲舒向汉武帝建议说:“今师异道,人异论,百家殊方,指意不同,是以上亡(无)以持一统。······臣愚以为诸不在六艺之科、孔子之术者,皆绝其道,勿使并进。邪辟之说灭息,然后统纪可一而法度可明,民知所从矣。”

——《汉书•董仲舒传》

(2)依据材料二、三说明从春秋战国到秦汉,中国古代思想界主要发展趋势是什么?(2分)推动这一趋势的历史因素有哪些(2分)?

材料四  夫天生一人,自有一人之用,不待取给于孔子而后足也,若必取待足于孔子,则千古以前无孔子,终不得为人乎?

——李贽《焚书卷》

(3)据材料四指出李贽对儒家思想的态度(2分),反映了怎样的时代特征?(3分)

答案

(1)核心:“仁”、“礼”。(2分)

(2)趋势:由百家争鸣到思想统一(2分)原因:国家统一,专制主义中央集权制度的确立;汉武帝为强化中央集权实施“罢黜百家、独尊儒术”(2分)

(3)李贽反对迷信孔子,认为不应以儒家思想作为衡量是非的标准(2分)。时代特征:封建制度日趋衰落,商品经济发展,早期民主启蒙思想产生(3分)

题目分析:(1)本题主要考查学生准确解读材料信息的能力,材料中文字“能行五者于天下······恭、宽、信、敏、惠······惠则足以使人······子曰:““克已复礼为仁······非礼勿视,非礼勿听,非礼勿言,非礼勿动。”能够直接说明孔子的核心思想主张是:“仁”、“礼”。(2)本题主要考查学生准确解读材料信息的能力,从材料二中文字“故一则治,异则乱;一则安,异则危。”能够看出战国中后期已经有人明确主张国家统一,这表明中国古代思想界已经发生了重大转变即由百家争鸣到思想统一;依据所学可知推动上述现象出现的原因是国家统一,专制主义中央集权制度的确立;汉武帝为强化中央集权实施“罢黜百家、独尊儒术”。(3)本题主要考查学生准确解读材料信息的能力,材料四中文字“夫天生一人,自有一人之用,不待取给于孔子而后足也,若必取待足于孔子,则千古以前无孔子,终不得为人乎?”说明李贽反对迷信孔子,认为不应以儒家思想作为衡量是非的标准;依据所学可知其反映的时代特征是:封建制度日趋衰落,商品经济发展,早期民主启蒙思想产生。

判断题
单项选择题

When Dave was eighteen, he bought a secondhand car for 200 so that he could travel to and from work more (1) than by bus. It worked quite well for a few years, but then it got so old, and it was costing him (2) much in repairs that he decided that he had better (3) it.

He asked among his friends to see if anyone was particularly (4) to buy a cheap car, but they all knew that it was falling to pieces, so (5) of them had any desire to buy it. Dave’s friend Sam saw that he was (6) when they met one evening, and said, "What’s (7) , Dave"

Dave told him, and Sam answered, "Well, what about advertising it in the paper You may (8) more for it that way than the cost of the advertisement!" Thinking that Sam’s (9) was sensible, he put an advertisement in an evening paper, which read "For sale: small car, (10) very little petrol, only two owners. Bargain at 50. " For two days after the advertisement first appeared, there was no (11) . But then on Saturday evening he had an enquiry. A man rang up and said he would like to (12) him about the car. "All right, " Dave said, feeling happy. He asked the man whether ten o’clock the next morning would be (13) or not. "Fine, " the man said, "and I’ll (14) my wife. We intend to go for a ride in it to (15) it. "

The next morning, at a quarter to ten, Dave parked the car in the square outside his front door, (16) to wait there for the people who had (17) his advertisement. Even Dave had to (18) that the car really looked like a wreck. Then, soon after he had got the car as clean (19) it could be, a police car stopped just behind him and a policeman got out. He looked at Dave’s car and then said, "Have you reported this (20) to us yet, sir\

19().

A.as 

B.that 

C.so 

D.such