问题 问答题 简答题

论述我国当前法制改革的内容。

答案

参考答案:

法制改革的内容非常广泛,涉及硬体和软体、表层和深层。就我国当前的法制改革而言,最重要是政法体制的改革、法律体系的重构和法的精神的转换。

政法体制的改革首先是理顺各级党委与立法机关、执法机关和司法机关的关系,调整党的政策与国家法律的关系。其次是理顺立法、执法、司法等法律系统之间的关系,以及各法律系统内部上下左右的关系,大力改革法律机关设置、组织、管理和运行的制度和程序。还要转变立法哲学,破除立法工作中那些明显不适应社会主义市场经济和社会发展的观念和习惯。

法律体系的重构首先是调整各法律部门在法律体系中的地位和作用。当前,为适应建立社会主义市场经济体制和经济秩序,应重新认识并调整公法与私法的关系。从法律的调整对象、方法和原则的角度,可以看到法律确实有公法与私法之分。在市场经济体制下,强调公法与私法的分离,有着多方面意义。首先,公法与私法的调整对象和范围不同,通行的原则不同,不能把公法领域的强制性原则和方法适用于平等互利协商的私法领域。其次,有利于明确私权的独立地位、私 * * 利和义务的协商性、以及私 * * 利不可侵犯性,以有效地保护法人和公民在经济生活和社会生活方面的权利,调动社会活动主体的积极性和创造性。复次,有利于树立私法是公法以及整个法制的真正法律基础的观念。要实行法治,就必须重视私法建设,宏扬民法文化。

法律精神的转换是法制改革最深层、最彻底的方面,也是法律改革的重心和难点。现代法的精神是与市场经济和民主政治的本质和规律相适应的理性精神和价值原则,是改革开放时代精神的折射。转换法的精神就是要用权利本位与人文精神统合、契约自由与宏观调控统合、效率优先和社会公平统合、稳定和发展统合等精神要素取代计划经济体制下形成的法律观念和价值标准,就是要确立与计划经济迥异的新的法律原则。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Some weight-loss camps, which are rare in China just a few years ago, have sprouted

(迅速出现) in Beijing, Qingdao, Shenzhen, and other cities. Today about 15 percent of

adults, or 200 million Chinese, are reportedly overweight. Of these, 90 million-about 7

percent-are obese.

     Experts say the obesity epidemic (流行病) is spreading to children, though more slowly

than in adults. The trend, they say, will have a huge impact on the health of China's citizens

and economy. "We're seeing a very large proportion of children and adolescents who are

quite heavy and aren't moving much," said Barry Popkin, a nutrition professor. Popkin

carries out an ongoing health-and-nutrition survey of 16,000 households in China. He says

more kids today are overeating and putting on weight "quite quickly." In just ten years China's

childhood obesity rate has doubled, with the greatest gains coming in urban areas. "In big cities

it's a big problem."  

     Some experts blame the extra fat on a range of factors, many of them tied to China's rapidly

changing economy and culture. The diets of Chinese adults and children are far higher in

calorie-laden meats, fish, eggs, dairy products, fats, and sugars than ever before. In addition,

kids-especially city children-are more sedentary today and spend more time indoors in front

of homework, television, computer games, and the Internet.

     Shuwen Ng, a health economist, says that kids in China now have pocket money, and they

spend a part of it on junk food. Ng adds that advertising and peer (同龄人) groups influence

kids' food choices. Certain foods, such as new candies or fast food, have attractive features.

China's childhood obesity rate are still less than that of the United States, where some 15 percent

of kids are said to be obese. But the long-term effects are equally serious.

1. According to the passage we know______________.                     .

A. weight-loss camps have been very popular in China a few years ago.

B. about 290 million Chinese are overweight in China in all

C. in China childhood obesity rate in rural areas is lower than that in major cities

D. America's childhood obesity rate is lower than China's

2. Which of the following is NOT the reason of China's childhood obesity?

A. Advertising on some new candies          

B. High quality diets

C. Playing computer games for long time      

D. Having pocket money

3. The underlined word "sedentary" in the third paragraph probably means_____________.

A. attentive  

B. unmoved    

C. absent  

D. inactive

4. According to the passage we can infer________________.

A. obesity explosion in China will affect the United States

B. there are great difference in kids' food choices now

C. junk food contributes to childhood obesity

D. city children eat more than rural children

5. What's the best title for the passage?

A. Chinese Childhood Obesity Explosion

B. Weight-loss Camps in China

C. Obesity Explosion's Impacts On Chinese Economy

D. Obesity Explosion In China And America

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