问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成问题。

  桓公问治民于管子。管子对曰:“凡牧民者,必知其疾,而忧之以德,勿惧以罪,勿止以力。慎此四者,足以治民也。”桓公曰:“善。勿已。如是,又何以行之?”管仲对曰:“质信极仁,严以有礼,慎此四者,所以行之也。”桓公曰:“请闻其说。”管仲对曰:“信也者,民信之;仁也者,民怀之;严也者,民畏之;礼也者,民美之。语曰:泽命不渝,信也;非其所欲,勿施于人,仁也;坚中外正,严也;质信以让,礼也。”桓公曰:“善哉!”  桓公又问曰:“寡人欲修政以干时于天下,其可乎?”管子对曰:“可。”公曰:“安始而可?”管子对曰:“始于爱民。”公曰:“爱民之道奈何?”管子对曰:“公修公族,家修家族,使相连以事,相及以禄,则民相亲矣。省刑罚,薄赋敛,则民富矣。乡建贤士,使教于国,则民有礼矣。出令不改,则民正矣。此爱民之道也。”

  桓公在位,管仲、隰朋见。立有间,有二鸿飞而过之。桓公叹曰:“仲父,今彼鸿鹄,有时而南,有时而北,有时而往,有时而来,四方无远,所欲至而至焉。非唯有羽翼之故,是以能通其意于天下乎?”管仲、隰朋不对。桓公曰:“二子何故不对?”管子对曰:“君有霸王之心,而夷吾非霸王之臣也,是以不敢对。”桓公曰:“仲父胡为然?盍不当言,寡人岂有乡乎?寡人之有仲父也,犹飞鸿之有羽翼也,若济大水有舟楫也。仲父不一言教寡人,寡人之有耳,将安闻道而得度哉?”管子对曰:“君若将欲霸王、举大事乎?则必从其本事矣。”桓公变躬迁席,拱手而问曰:“敢问何谓其本?”管子曰:“齐国百姓,公之本也。人甚忧饥而税敛重,人甚惧死而刑政险,人甚伤劳而上举事不时。公轻其税敛则人不忧饥,缓其刑政则人不惧死,举事以时则人不伤劳。”桓公曰:“寡人闻仲父之言此三者,闻命矣,不敢擅也,将荐之先君。”明日,皆朝于太庙之门,朝定令于百吏。近者示之以忠信,远者示之以礼义。行此数年,而民归之如流水。 (节选自《管子》,《四部丛刊》本,有删改)

  【注】 ①管子:名仲,字夷吾,齐国国相。②干时:谋求定时会盟诸侯。

1.对下列句子中加粗词的解释,不正确的一项是( )

A.勿。如是,又何以行之/已:停止

B.泽命不,信也/渝:坚持

C.公修公族,家家 族/修:治理

D.若大水有舟楫也/济:渡过

2.以下六句话分别编为四组,全都直接体现以民为本思想的一组是( )

①必知其疾,而忧之以德 

②人甚忧饥而税敛重,人甚惧死而刑政险 

③省刑罚,薄赋敛 

④皆朝于太庙之门,朝定令于百吏 

⑤齐国百姓,公之本也 

⑥近者示之以忠信,远者示之以礼义

A.①③⑤  

B.①④⑥

C.②③⑥  

D.②④⑤

3.对原文有关内容的理解和分析,下列表述不正确的一项是( )

A.“信”“仁”“严”“礼”是为政的重要原则,也就是国君要对百姓讲究信用,施行仁爱,严肃法纪,提倡礼义。

B.齐桓公想通过修明政事,提高齐国的政治地位,达到会盟诸侯的目的,因此他希望得到管仲的认可和辅佐。

C.对于桓公称霸天下的想法,管仲采取以退为进的策略,明确表达了反对意见,并表明了自己的政治主张。

D.齐桓公有抱负,能纳谏,接受了管仲的民本思想,并采取相应的措施,得到了四方百姓的拥护。

4.把文言文阅读材料中加横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)勿惧以罪,勿止以力。

译文:____________________________________。

(2)出令不改,则民正矣。

译文:____________________________________。 

(3)君若将欲霸王、举大事乎?则必从其本事矣。

译文:____________________________________。

答案

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.(1)(治理百姓的人)不要用刑罚让百姓害怕,不要用强力让百姓止步不来(或“不要用刑罚恐吓百姓,不要用强力制止百姓”)。

(2)(国君)发出的政令不随便更改,那么百姓就会走上正轨(或“百姓的秩序就正常了”)。

(3)您想要称霸诸侯、成就一番大事吗?那么就一定要从它的根本(或“根本的事情”)做起。

单项选择题 B型题
完形填空
Mrs. Ohama spoke to the graduates of Martin luther King Jr. High School on Saturday in her only high school commencemenl (毕业典礼)speech this year. The ceremony___1____in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University.
'The first lady told her 170 ___2_____ that she spent too much of her time in college _____3___ on acadamic achievements. While her success in college and law school ____4____ a good job, she said, she ended up focusing on public service. “My message to you today is that don’t ____5______ a minute living someone else’s dream”she said. “It ______6___ a lot of real work to discover what brings you___7____ and you won’t find what you love simply by _____8_____ mailboxes or surfing the net."
She said MLK reminded her of her own high school ______9____ in Chicago. “My No. 1 _____10__ was to go to a high school that would push me and___11______me,” she said: “I wanted to go somewhere that would ____12_____achievement. ___13_____ schools like this don't exist for every kid,” she said. “You are blessed.”
The first lady told graduates that__14____ may be a part of their college lives and careers, and that how they respond ___15_____ what they will became. “That’s when you ___16_____what you are really made of in those hard times,” she said. “But you can only do that if you’re willing to put yourself in a position ____17_____ you might fail.” Overcoming diffcultie has been the ____18_____of many great people,she said, “Oprah was demoted (降职)from her first job as a news reporter, and now she doesn’t even need a last name,” she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey.And then there’s this guy Barack Obama. I could ____19______a whole afternoon talking about his failures. He ___20____ his first race for Congress”.the first lady joked, “and now he gets to call himself my husband.
小题1:
A.happened toB.took placeC.occurred toD.came across
小题2:
A.graduatesB.teachersC.studentsD.teenagers
小题3:
A.dependingB.focusingC.decidingD.living
小题4:
A.led toB.referred toC.looked forward toD.occurred to
小题5:
A.spendB.spoilC.enjoyD.waste
小题6:
A.demandB.takesC.spendD.benefit
小题7:
A.energyB.powerC.joyD.laughter
小题8:
A.openingB.checkingC.writingD.designing
小题9:
A.experienceB.memoryC.failureD.events
小题10:
A.taskB.goalC.homeworkD.wish
小题11:
A.disappointB.encourageC.satisfyD.challenge
小题12:
A.celebrateB.congratulateC.applyD.analyse
小题13:
A.UnfortunatelyB.FortunatelyC.OccasionallyD.Unexpectedly
小题14:
A.happinessB.sadnessC.failureD.success
小题15:
A.affectsB.determinesC.dedicatesD.donates
小题16:
A.find outB.pull outC.beak outD.hold out
小题17:
A.whatB.whichC.whereD.that
小题18:
A.markB.shortcomingC.pointD.advantage
小题19:
A.turn onB.take onC.turn upD.take up
小题20:
A.abandonedB.lostC.wonD.obtain