问题 填空题

(18分)人类在使用金属的历史进程中,经历了铜、铁、铝之后,第四种将被广泛应用的金属被科学家预测为是钛(22Ti),它被誉为“未来世纪的金属”。试回答下列问题:

(1)铁元素位于元素周期表的    区;其基态原子的电子排布式为               

(2)铜原子的价电子排布式为     ,画出配离子[Cu(H2O)4]2+中的配位键____ _______

(3)二氧化碳分子的立体构形为          形,其中C原子的杂化方式为       杂化,二氧化碳分子中含有       个σ键和       个π键。

(4)氨分子属于        分子(填“极性”或“非极性”);氨极易溶于水最主要的原因是氨分子和水分子之间可以形成       

(5)下列元素的第一电离能最大的是(   )

A.Be            B.C             C. N             D.O

(6)下列分子中,所有原子都满足最外层为8电子结构的是 (   )

A.XeF2          B.BeCl2          C.PCl3           D.CHCl3

(7)下列晶体中,熔点最高的是                 

A.金刚石     B.干冰        C.铝         D.氯化钠

(8)在Ti的化合物中,可以呈现+2、+3、+4三种化合价,其中以+4价的Ti最为稳定;偏钛酸钡的热稳定性好,介电常数高,在小型变压器、话筒和扩音器中都有应用。偏钛酸钡晶体中晶胞的结构示意图如上图,它的化学式是        

答案

(1)d,1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2;  (2)3d10 4s1; (3)直线,sp3,2,2;

(4)极性,氢键;  (5)C; (6)C;  (7)A;   (8)BaTiO3

题目分析:(1)铁的外围电子排布是3d64s2,属于d区,其基态电子排布式为1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2

(2)铜的价电子排布式为3d10 4s1,[Cu(H2O)4]2+中4个H2O与Cu2+配位,所以配位键结构为

(3)CO2里的中心原子C没有孤对电子,有2个σ键,所以价层电子对数为2,C原子是sp杂化,VSEPR构型为直线型,立体构型也是直线型。CO2的结构式为O=C=O,所以分子中含有2个σ键和2个π键。

(4)NH3是三角锥构型,不完全对称,属于极性分子,NH3和H2O可以形成分子间氢键,所以极易溶于水。

(5)同周期原子序数越大,第一电离能越大,其中IIA和IIIA族反常,VA和VIA族反常。则第一电离能最大的是N。

(6)对于ABn型化合物,所以原子都满足最外层8电子稳定结构,分子中一定不能含有氢,且A的最外层电子数+n×B的单电子数=8。因此PCl3分子中所有的原子都满足最外层8电子稳定结构。

(7)熔点:原子晶体>离子晶体>分子晶体,金属晶体的熔沸点差别太大。所以熔点最高的是金刚石。

(8)根据均摊法计算晶胞粒子个数可知,该晶胞中有Ba 1个Ti 1个O 3个,所以化学式为BaTiO3

点评:本题综合性强,但是考点基础,难度小。

阅读理解

London--A morning train rides away, across the channel. English kids discuss the Liverpool's football team in a Paris pub.

Some Parisians have started to travel to work in London.

In the 19th century, Charles Dickens compared the two cities, London and Paris, in A Tale of Two Cities. These days, it might be A tale of One City.

As there are few jobs at home over recent years, perhaps 250,000 Frenchmen moved across the channel. With an undersea tunnel, they could travel between cities in three hours. The European Union freed them from immigration and customs.

Paris, rich in beauty, is more stylish. But London feels more full of life, and more fun until the pubs shut down.

“For me, the difference is that London is real, alive,” said Trevor Wheeler, a financial expert.

Chantal Jaouen, a professional designer, agrees. “I am French, but I’ll stay in London,” she said.

There is, of course, the other view. Julie Lenoux is a student who moved to London two years ago. “I think people laugh more in Paris,” she said.

“Both cities have changed beyond recognition,” said Larry Collins, an author and sometimes a Londoner. Like most people who know both cities well, he finds the two now fit together comfortably. “I first fell in love with Paris in the 1950s. Things are so much more ordered, and life is better.”

But certainly not cheaper. In some parts of London, rents can be twice those on Avenue Foch in Paris.

Deciding between London and Paris requires a lifestyle choice. Like Daphne Benoit, a French journalism student with perfect English, many young people are happy to be close enough so they don’t have to choose. “I love Paris, my little neighborhood, the way I can walk around a centre, but life is too organized,” she said. “In London, you can be whoever you want. No one cares.”

小题1:It can be inferred that ___________.

A.Paris and London are the two biggest cities in the world

B.In the 19th century, Dickens told his stories in the two cities

C.London and Paris used to be separated

D.Liverpool is a big city in France小题2:According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A.People feel it difficult to find a job in Paris.

B.People can't travel to London without a passport.

C.Living in France is more expensive than in London.

D.People can find any job in London.小题3:The underlined phrase in Para9 most probably means “_____________”

A.beyond one’s imagination

B.so much that people don’t know them well again

C.so little that people still know them well

D.to people’s satisfaction小题4:What’s the meaning of the last two sentences?

A.People can do everything in London.

B.People will feel lonely in London.

C.People in London enjoy living in different ways.

D.People in London enjoy a lawless life.

多项选择题