问题 填空题

(14分)随着石油资源的日趋紧张,天然气资源的开发利用受到越来越多的关注。以天然气(主要成分CH4)为原料经合成气(主要成分CO、H2)制化学品,是目前天然气转化利用的主要技术路线。而采用渣油、煤、焦炭为原料制合成气,常因含羰基铁[Fe(CO)5]等而导致以合成气为原料合成甲醇和合成氨等生产过程中的催化剂产生中毒。

请问答下列问题:

(1)Fe(CO)5中铁的化合价为0,写出铁原子的基态电子排布式         

(2)原子数目和电子总数(或价电子总数)相同的微粒互为等电子体,等电子体具有相似的结构特征。与CO分子互为等电子体的分子和离子分别为       (填化学式),CO分子的结构式可表示成      

(3)Fe(CO)5常温下呈液态,熔点为-20.5℃,沸点为103℃,易溶于非极性溶剂。据此可判断Fe(CO)5晶体为       晶体。

(4)在CH4、CO、CH3OH中,碳原子采取sp3杂化的分子有         ,CH3OH的熔、沸点比CH4的熔、沸点比高,其主要原因是          

答案

(14分)(1)1s2 2s2 2p6 3s 23p6 3d6 4s2(2分)(2) N2(2分)、CN(2分),C≡O(2分)

(3) 分子晶体(2分)(4) CH4和CH3OH(2分),CH3OH形成分子间氢键(2分)

(1)根据构造原理可知,铁原子的基态电子排布式为1s2 2s2 2p6 3s 23p6 3d6 4s2

(2)应用价电子数和原子数分别都相等的是等电子体,所以与CO分子互为等电子体的分子和离子分别为N2和CN;由于氮气是直线型结构,所以CO分子的结构式可表示成C≡O。

(3)Fe(CO)5常温下呈液态,熔点为-20.5℃,沸点为103℃,易溶于非极性溶剂。据此可判断Fe(CO)5晶体应该是分子晶体。

(4)在CH4、CO、CH3OH中,碳原子采取sp3杂化的分子是CH4、CH3OH,CO是直线型结构,采用sp杂化。由于CH3OH形成分子间氢键,所以CH3OH的熔、沸点比CH4的熔、沸点比高。

单项选择题 B1型题
单项选择题

The increasingly high rates of juvenile delinquency are a great problem in modem society. More and more people are paying special attention to it.

When it comes to the reasons, here are two of them. Modem youth are more revolutionary and more independent than the elder generation. When this tendency goes to an extreme, problems arise. Some of the young want to throw away all the traditional principles and beliefs, most of which are very good for self-cultivation. They are reluctant to listen to the advice from elder generation. If they behave in the way, as they like, they might commit crimes without realizing it. Studies also show that juvenile-delinquency rates are twice as high for youngsters from single-parent homes as for those in traditional households. Children in single-parent families are taken less care of and thus have feelings of being neglected, discriminated and isolated. The lack of parental love makes them hostile and cynical towards the society.

There are several ways to prevent the youth from committing crimes. School education plays an important role to teach traditional beliefs. Books and programs should be in good quality. There should be more educational books and programs for young children to tell them how to distinguish the right from the wrong. Also, mutual understanding between parents and children is also very important. Parental supervision and guidance are a key factor of self-cultivation in lifetime. The two generations need to smooth away disagreement. Parents can spend much time staying with their children and patiently carry out the duty of family education.

And others are starting to pay attention to another problem in modern society that may underline all sorts of crimes, including juvenile delinquency, though it is believed that the development of information technology has made the world smaller. Modern people have greater tensions so that they have less time to communicate with each other. More and more people are living in urban areas, where life is in a quick rhythm. Due to fierce competition, which is the most important reason of all, city dwellers have to be working hard in order to keep up with the steps of city life. Everybody is busy all the time. Work pressures deprive them of a casual way of life. Moreover, living in apartments in different blocks, people are isolated from each other. It is not convenient for them to meet each other freely.

Which one of the following is NOT a correct statement about the modern youth()

A. They want to get rid of the traditional principles

B. They don’t want to listen to their elder generation

C. They often commit crimes without realizing it

D. They want to depend on themselves more than their parents