问题 阅读理解与欣赏
阅读下面的文言文,完成1-4 题。
        文天祥字宋瑞,又字履善,吉之吉水人也。年二十举进士,对策集英殿。帝亲拔为第一。咸淳九年,起为湖南提刑,因见故相江万里。万里素奇天祥志节,语及国事,愀然曰:“吾老矣,观天时人事当有变,吾阅人多矣,世道之责,其在君乎?君其勉之。”十年,改知赣州。德祐初,江上报急,诏天下勤王。天祥捧诏涕泣,发郡中豪杰,有众万人。事闻,以江西提刑安抚使召入卫。其友止之,天祥曰:“第国家养育臣庶三百余年,一旦有急,征天下兵,无一人一骑入关者,吾深恨于此,故不自量力,而以身徇之,庶天下忠臣义士将有闻风而起者。”尽以家赀为军费。明年正月,除知临安府,寻除右丞相兼枢密使,如军中请和,与大元丞相伯颜抗论皋亭山。丞相怒拘之,北至镇江。天祥夜亡入真州,展转至高邮,泛海至温州。至元十五年十二月,趋南岭。天祥方饭五坡岭,张弘范兵突至,天祥仓皇出走,千户王惟义前执之。至潮阳,见弘范,左右命之拜,不拜,弘范遂以客礼见之,与俱入崖山,使为书招张世杰。天祥曰:“吾不能捍父母,乃教人叛父母,可乎?”索之固,乃书所过零丁洋诗与之。崖山破,弘范遣使护送天祥至京师。天祥在燕凡三年,上知天祥终不屈也,召入谕之曰:“汝何愿?”天祥对曰:“天祥受宋恩,为宰相,安事二姓?愿赐之一死足矣。”然犹不忍,遽麾之退。言者力赞从天祥之请,从之。天祥临刑殊从容。谓吏卒曰:“吾事毕矣。”南乡拜而死,年四十七。
(节选自《宋史 文天祥传》)
1.对下列句中加粗的词语的解释,不正确的一项是( )
A.年二十举进士,对策集英殿 对策:对付的策略
B.第国家养育臣庶三百余年 养育:养活、抚养
C.吾深恨于此 深恨:非常遗憾
D.天祥临刑殊从容 从容:沉着镇静
2.下列句子分别编为四组,全都表明文天祥有“志节”的一组是( )  
①捧诏涕泣
②与大元丞相伯颜抗论皋亭山
③尽以家赀为军费
④左右命之拜,不拜
⑤张弘范兵突至,天祥仓皇出走
⑥天祥受宋恩,为宰相,安事二姓?
A.①③④
B.②④⑥
C.①⑤⑥
D.②③⑤
3.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是( )
A.咸淳九年,文天祥任湖南提刑时遇见旧相江万里,谈及国家大事,江万里容色改变,认为改变社会状况的责任大概在有志节的文天祥身上。
B.德祐元年,元军进逼愈急,皇上下诏号召天下起兵帮助朝廷抗敌,文天祥“发郡中豪杰”响应,有众万人,并倾尽家财为军费,领兵入卫。
C.德祐二年,文天祥奉命赴元朝都城跟元丞相伯颜谈判时据理力争,遭到元方的扣押,被带到镇江,后来趁夜色逃离,最后来到温州。
D.至元十五年,元将张弘范兵突至,文天祥在五坡岭被执。崖山被攻破后,文天祥被送往京师。元朝百般劝降,他坚决不屈服,最后从容就义。
4.把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)庶天下忠臣义士将有闻风而起者。
翻译:_______________________________________________
(2)左右命之拜,不拜,弘范遂以客礼见之。
翻译:_______________________________________________
答案
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.(1)我期望(希望)天下有一听到消息就立刻行动的忠臣义士。   
  (2)(张弘范)的近侍(身边的人)命令文天祥下拜,(文天祥)不下拜,张弘范于是就以礼相待(用对待客人的礼节对待他)。
问答题
单项选择题

Few creatures on earth are as cute as the black lion tamarin, and few have as dramatic a story line. Pug-nosed and diminutive, with a comic fringe of hair, these monkeys dwell in trees in small tracts of forest in southeastern Brazil. Or they did until 1905, when they were declared extinct. No one saw a black lion tamarin again in the wild until 1970. Later, in the 1990s, some Brazilian researchers turned up a small set of isolated, inbred populations scattered over a wide region. Since that time, they have been engineering tamarin migration, doing everything they can to save the world’s most distinctive primates.
Although they are no larger than house cats, tamarins have brains big for their size and a family life organized like our own. They live in groups anchored by an adult male andadult female, along with their offspring. When a mother bears young, she usually produces twins, and although members of the group share in their upbringing, it is most often the father who carries them around in the trees, where the families feed on fruits, insects and bird’s eggs.
Unhappily for the lion tamarins, their tree-bound niche began to disappear after the Portuguese landed in Brazil and began clearing forest to make room for Rio de Janeiro, the settlements and farms. As is the case for so many threatened species, the breakup of their habitat sounded the death knell for tamarins, depriving them of the continuity of forest they require to remain abundant and safe from potential threats in any single vicinity. The animals avoid predators by hardly ever coming down from the trees, so even a narrow logging road through a forest can begin the breakup by preventing them from moving from one patch of forest to another.
A simple solution was to build bridges across roads, allowing the monkeys to move from one forest to another. With some lumber and the researchers’ work, habitats that had been separated became continuous again, improving opportunities for migrating and mating.
The next step was to broaden the distribution of the population. The researchers captured two families of black lion tamarins and moved them to a new forest. After a year, the moves were declared a success: Not only had 80 percent of the tamarins survived, but they had also produced new offspring. So far, so good. The researchers had learned the animals could adjust to the new habitats, even if the insects there tasted a little different or the trees were a slightly different size.
The techniques for saving species in the wild vary. Species with less stringent habitat requirements, like wild turkeys, have been rescued by moving them into new settings as well as outlawing their killing. More challenging to preserve are species that require a lot of land, like elephants, and species that have highly specific requirements for habitat and prey -- like black-footed ferrets. Ultimately, as in all challenges, knowledge is power to save wild species from extinction.

The lumber bridges were devised to ______.

A.improve chances for tamarins to meet and mate

B.connect once separated habitats for the sake of research

C.make use of some lumber cut down

D.both A and C