问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下面的题。

触蛮之战,蜗角之争

庄  周

  魏莹与田侯牟约,田侯牟背之。魏莹怒,将使人刺之。

  犀首公孙衍闻而耻之,曰:“君为万乘之君也,而以匹夫从仇。衍请受甲二十万,为君攻之,虏其人民,系其牛马,使其君内热发于背,然后拔其国。忌也出走,然后扶其背,折其脊。”

  李子闻而耻之,曰:“筑十仞之城,城者既十仞矣,则又坏之,此胥靡之所苦也。今兵不起七年矣,此王之基也。衍,乱人也,不可听也。”

  华子闻而丑之,曰:“善言伐齐者,乱人也;善言勿伐者,亦乱人也;谓‘伐之与不伐乱人也’者,又乱人也。”君曰:“然则芳何?“ 曰:“君求其道而已矣。”

  惠子闻之,而见戴晋人。戴晋人曰:“有所谓蜗者,君知之乎?”曰:“然。”“有国于蜗之左角者,曰触氏;有国于蜗之右角者,曰蛮氏。时相与争地而战,伏尸数万,逐北旬有五日而后反。”君曰:“噫!其虚言与?”曰:“臣请为君实之。君以意在四方上下有穷乎?”君曰:“无穷。”曰:“知游心于无穷,而反在通达之国,若存若亡乎?”君曰:“然”。曰:“通达之中有魏,于魏中有梁,于梁中有王。王与蛮氏有辩乎?”君曰:“无辩。”客出而君惝然若有亡也

  客出,惠子见。君曰:“客,大人也,圣人不足以当之。”惠子曰:“夫吹篼也,犹有嘀也;吹剑首者,映而已矣。尧、舜,人之所誉也。道尧、舜于戴晋人之前,譬犹一吷也。”(选自《庄子·杂篇·则阳第二十五》)

  注:①莹,魏惠王名。田侯牟,齐威王名。②犀首:武官名。③内热发于背:因恚愤而背生痈疽。④胥靡:服役的人。⑤筅(guan),同“管”,一种乐器。嘀(xiao),吹竹管声。映(xue),以口吹物发出的微小之声。这句话的意思是:吹起竹管,就会有嘟嘟的响声;吹着剑首的环孔,只会有丝丝的声音罢了。

1.下列语句中加粗的词,解释不正确的一项是(    )

A.魏莹与田侯牟/约:结盟。

B.善言齐者,乱人也/伐:攻打。

C.逐旬有五日而后反/北:北方。

D.臣请为君之/实:证实。

2.下列语句中加粗的字,意义和用法相同的一项是(   )

A.①魏莹怒,将使人刺之   ②奚以九万里而南为

B.①衍,乱人也,不可听  ②彼且奚适

C.①君意在四方上下有穷乎 ②生物之息相吹也

D.①尧、舜,人之誉也   ②犹有待者也

3.下列对文章内容的理解分析,不正确的一项是(    )

A.因为齐国毁约而要发动战争的主战派,是要争一口气;反对战争的反战派,是顾及王家基业。这两者本质上都是主张“有为”的。

B.华子既反对主战,也反对反战,是最合乎“无为之道”的,但是华子却不愿意讲,只是说:“你还是求助于清虚淡漠、物我兼忘的大道吧!”

C.戴晋人用“蜗角虚名”的寓言,让魏莹明白为名利而战是多么渺小。“蜗角虚名”的故事,想象奇特,形象中蕴藏着不易领悟的“道”。

D.文章一方面指出战国时期诸侯间的战争是为了名利的行为,予以否定;同时,也宣扬了道家的无为思想。

4.将文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)时相与争地而战,伏尸数万,逐北旬有五日而后反。

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(2)客出而君惝然若有亡也。

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5.这则寓言的寓意是什么?从中可得到什么启发?

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答案

1.C

2.D

3.B

4.(1)当时他们相互争夺地盘而战争,倒伏在地的尸首有数万,追逐败兵十五天后才返回。

(2)戴晋人离开后,魏王神情恍惚,若有所失。

5.在大千世界中,我们都是很渺小的,为了一点小小的利益、声名争抢厮杀十分不值得,我们应珍惜生命,珍惜我们这个世界,不要冤冤相报。

单项选择题 A1型题
阅读理解

Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs,its people are by now almost entirely an urban society. Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture and forestry(林业), and most of the rest live in or around towns,small and large.Here the traditional picture is changing: every small town may still be very like other small towns,and the typical small town may represent a widely accepted view of the country,but most Americans do not live in small towns any more. Half the population now lives in some thirty metropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs, of more than a million people each—a larger proportion than in Germany or England,let alone France). The statistics(统计)of urban and rural population should be treated with caution because so many people who live in areas classified as rural travel by car to work in a nearby town each day. As the rush to live out of town continues,rural areas within reach of towns are gradually filled with houses, so that it is hard to say at what moment a piece of country becomes a suburb. But more and more the typical American lives in a metropolitan rather than a small town environment.

小题1:If now America has 250 million people.how many of them are engaged in agriculture and forestry? 

A.About 25 million

B.More than 25 million

C.Less than 25 million

D.Less than 225 million小题2:Which of the following four countries has the smallest proportion of people living in metropolitan areas?

A.United States

B.Germany

C.France

D.England小题3:What’s the meaning of the word“metropolitan”in the middle of the passage?

A.Of a large city with its suburbs

B.Of small and large towns

C.Of urban areas

D.Of rural areas