问题 实验题

感冒是一种常见的病,人患了感冒会咳嗽、流涕、发烧,多喝开水多休息,适当服用一些治疗感冒的药,可以舒缓症状,减轻病情。

(1)药物阿司匹林是一种传统的治疗感冒发烧的老药,从分子结构上看,它可以看作是乙酸酯,其结构简式如右图:

作为一种解热镇痛药,对于感冒发烧,它有较好的疗效,但大剂量长期空腹服用,容易对胃肠道产生刺激,原因是阿司匹林在胃中会发生酯的水解反应,生成_________和_________(用结构简式表示),阿司匹林分子水解后,能电离出氢离子(H+)的官能团增多,增大了对胃肠道的刺激。

(2)为减小副作用,一般宜饭后服药,并同时服用少量辅助药物,在①硫酸镁、②氢氧化钡、③碳酸钙中选取哪一种?

答案

(1)

(2)③碳酸钙。

该酯水解后的产物为和CH3COOH。由于水解后的产物都是酸,能电离出的氢离子的官能团是原来的三倍,增大了对胃肠道的刺激。为了减小其副作用,若服硫酸镁则不能降低酸度;服用氢氧化钡虽然降低了酸度,但钡离子引起中毒;服用碳酸钙既减小副作用,又能补钙,因此选择碳酸钙。

阅读理解

In today’s world, almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful to people’s health. However, not all know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and that is harmful to human, too.

People who work and live under noisy conditions usually become deaf(耳聋的). Today, however, scientists believe that 10% of workers in Britain are deafened by the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print newspapers and books, and who weave cloth become deaf. Quite a few people living near airports also become deaf. Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear no better than 65-year-old people, for these young people like to listen to “pop” music and most of “pop” music is a kind of noise. Besides, noise produced by jet plane or machines will make people’s life difficult and unpleasant, or even make people ill or even drive them mad. It is said that a continuous noise of over 85 decibels(分贝) can cause deafness.

Nowadays the governments in many countries have made laws to reduce or control noise and make it less than 85 decibels. In China, the people’s government is trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also the noise pollution problems.

小题1:In the world today, not every person knows        .

A.water pollution

B.air pollution

C.harmful pollution

D.noise pollution小题2:Today scientists believe that       .

A.90% of all the workers in Britain are not suffering from noise

B.10% of all the workers in Britain are working in noisy places

C.10% of all the workers in Britain are deafened by the noise where they work.

D.90% of all the workers are free from any noise小题3:Those who       usually have poorer hearing.

A.weave cloth

B.sell newspapers

C.like listening to music

D.often travel by plane小题4:According to the passage, a continuous noise       can make you deaf.

A.in working places

B.of less then 85 decibels

C.of over 85 decibels

D.of only 85 decibels

单项选择题