问题 填空题

ⅤA族的氮、磷、砷(As)、锑(Sb)等元素在化合物中常表现出多种氧化态,含ⅤA族元素的化合物在科研和生产中有许多重要用途。请回答下列问题:

(1)N、P、As原子的第一电离能由大到小的顺序为____________(用元素符号表示)。

(2)As原子核外M层电子的排布式为________________________________________________________________________。

(3)叠氮化钠(NaN3)用于汽车安全气囊中氮气的发生剂,写出与N3-互为等电子体的分子的化学式________(任写一种即可)。

(4)白磷(P4)的结构如图所示,P原子的轨道杂化方式是________。

(5)NO可以与许多金属离子形成配合物,例如[ Co(NO26]3,它可以用来检验K,其反应如下:3K+[Co(NO26]3=K3[Co(NO26]↓(亮黄色)。

①NO的立体构型是________。

②在K3[Co(NO26]中,中心离子的配位数为________。

(6)天然氨基酸的命名常用俗名(根据来源与性质),例如,最初从蚕丝中得到的氨基酸叫丝氨酸(HOCH2CHCOOHNH2)。判断丝氨酸是否存在手性异构体?________(填“是”或“否”)。

(7)砷化镓为第三代半导体,以其为材料制造的灯泡寿命长,耗能少。已知立方砷化镓晶胞的结构如图所示,其晶胞边长为c pm,则密度为________g·cm-3(用含c的式子表示,设NA为阿伏加德罗常数的值),a位置As原子与b位置As原子之间的距离为________pm(用含c的式子表示)。

答案

(1)N>P>As

(2)3s23p63d10

(3)CO2或CS2或N2O(任写一种,写成SiO2等原子晶体形式不正确)

(4)sp3

(5)①V形或角形或折线形

②6

(6)是

(7) c(说明:如图所示,平行四边形abcd中ab=cd=c)

(1)同一主族元素的原子半径越大,越易失去电子,电离能越小。(3)等电子体指原子总数相等,价电子总数相等的粒子。(4)白磷分子中每个P原子有一个孤电子对,形成了3个σ键,故采取sp3杂化。(5)NO2-中氮原子的孤电子对数为(5+1-2×2)=1,与O原子形成了2个σ键,采取sp2杂化,NO2-为角形。(6)丝氨酸中连接氨基的碳原子上连接的四个原子或原子团均不相同,该碳原子为手性碳原子。(7)每个晶胞中含有砷原子个数4个,镓原子个数为8×+6×=4,则晶体密度为 g·cm-3g·cm-3

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     When I was 13 years old, I became a vegetarian and quickly realized that I would have to learn how

to cook for myself. The first thing I ever asked my mom to teach me how to make was bean soup."Oh,

that's easy!" She told me. She started by explaining: "Almost every soup starts with onions and carrots."

     My mom is a chef who is able to cook delicious meals. She also told me that the very first thing she

had learned in cooking school was to make soup stock (拼盘)----followed by soup. Her teacher had told

the class: "If you learn anything here, it should be soup."

    In the US, soup isn't so much a part of a meal as a meal in itself. Soups are often made from the

leftovers (剩菜) of last night's dinner----a baked chicken or turkey can easily be made into a new meal by

adding broth (肉汤) and some vegetables. Soups are accompanied (伴随) by bread and topped with cheese.

    It was easy to impress my college roommates with my mom's great soup recipes (菜谱). Bean soup,

vegetable noodle soup, mushroom soup… For only a few dollars, three or four of us could eat well from

the same pot of soup for a whole week. Add a loaf of bread and some cheese, and our soup became a proper

feast (盛宴).

    I'm not a vegetarian any more, but I still make bean soup. It fills the house with lovely smells and reminds

me of my mom, and my home.

1. The first thing that the writer learnt to make was _______.

A. bean soup

B. vegetable noodle soup

C. mushroom soup

D. beef soup

2. What is the writer's mother's job?

A. teacher

B. officer

C. chef

D. secretary

3. According to the writer's mother, almost every soup has _______.

A. onions and carrots

B. celery (芹菜) and chili (辣椒)

C. carrots and mushroom

D. bread and cheese

4. Which of the statements is TRUE?

A. Soup is as important as a meal in America.

B. Americans don't like to make soup from leftovers.

C. Americans think it is difficult to make soup.

D. Americans like to add cheese to soup.

5. From this passage, we can learn that _______.

A. in the US, soup isn't part of every meal

B. you can't make soup with a baked chicken or turkey

C. the writer often made different kinds of soup at home with her roommates

D. the writer doesn't make bean soup any more because she isn't a vegetarian

单项选择题