问题 填空题

A、B、C、D、E五种元素,A元素的周期数、主族数、原子序数相同;B的基态原子核外有3种能量不同的原子轨道,且每种轨道中的电子数相同;C元素的电离能如图所示;D元素的价电子构型为nsnnpn+2;E是第4周期的过渡元素,血红蛋白中的E元素与BD形成的配位键比与D2形成的配位键强。E单质与BD形成的配合物E(BD)5,常温下呈液态,熔点为-20.5℃,沸点为103 ℃,易溶于非极性溶剂。

C元素的电离能

(1)E(BD)5晶体属于________(填晶体类型)。

(2)A元素和B元素组成的化合物分子之间________(填“能”或“不能”)形成氢键。

(3)基态E原子的电子排布式为___________________________________ 。

(4)B、C、D三种元素的电负性由大到小的顺序是________(填元素符号)。

(5)C2和B2A2的分子中根据电子云重叠的方式不同,都包含的共价键类型有________。

(6)已知原子数和电子数相同的微粒叫等电子体,等电子体的结构相似。根据

下表数据,说明BD分子比C2分子活泼的原因_____________________________。

 X—YX=YX≡Y
BD的键能/kJ·mol-1357.7798.91 071.9
C2的键能/kJ·mol-1154.8418.4941.7
 

答案

(1)分子晶体

(2)不能

(3)1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2

(4)O、N、C

(5)σ键和π键

(6)CO中断裂第一个π键消耗的能量(273 kJ)比N2中断裂第一个π键消耗的能量(523.3 kJ)小,CO的第一个π键较容易断裂,因此CO较活泼

由题中信息可推知A是H、B是C、C是N、D为O、E为Fe。(1)配合物Fe(CO)5常温下呈液态,易溶于非极性溶剂,则Fe(CO)5晶体为分子晶体。(2)C元素的非金属性较弱,故C、H元素形成的化合物中没有氢键。(3)略。(4)C、N、O是同周期的元素,其电负性随着原子序数的增大而增大,故三者电负性由大到小的顺序是:O、N、C。(5)N2与C2H2的分子中都包含的共价键有σ键和π键(在N≡N和C≡C中都包含了一条σ键和两条π键)。(6)CO与N2是等电子体,结构相似,但CO中断裂第一个π键消耗的能量为:1 071.9-798.9=273 kJ;而N2中断裂第一个π键消耗的能量为:941.7-418.4=523.3 kJ,可见CO的第一个π键容易断裂,因此CO比N2活泼。

完形填空

第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并填在答题卡上。

Dear Kate,

It is very   36__ that you are coming to our school so soon.  37 you arrive, let me introduce  38   you what our school life is like.

Our school is quite famous for its long history. It was   39   in the early 1920s. It is a good place   40__we can prepare ourselves well for the future. We have many wonderful teachers who are always ready to __41___help. __42___we pay a lot of attention to how well we do in lessons, achieving high scores is not the only reason to study. The teachers encourage us to try out new ideas and ask questions. __43__their help we have developed all kinds of interests in both Arts and Science. Students can choose to_44__ any school clubs they are _45___in. We can also choose the subjects that we want to study. Last term I selected American Literature, because I wanted to learn about famous American writers. This term I chose to attend music classes because my father bought me a piano_46__ a birthday present.

__47___, I was elected_ 48___ of my class, __49____it can be _50_ to be a monitor,     __51__I have to do a lot of work and attend many meetings. _52 , being a monitor has taught me a lot, such as caring for others and taking responsibilities and so on. When my class was given the title of “Model Class”, I was __53___than ever before. So being a monitor _54____an important part in my school life .I’m very pleased with my work.

I love my school and hope that you will have a pleasant experience here too. I am looking forward to  55   you soon.

36. A. excited B. exciting      C. excite  D. excitement

37. A. When   B .After  C. Before       D. As soon as

38. A. to  B. for      C. with    D. in

39. A. finded  B. found  C. founded     D. find

40. A. when    B. where C. that     D. which

41. A. gives    B. offer   C. donates      D. ask

42. A. But      B. Because      C. Though      D. So

43. A. Under   B. With   C. For     D. By

44. A. attend   B. join    C. join in D. take part in

45. A. interest B. interesting  C. interested   D. interests

46. A. for       B. as       C. by      D .with

47. A. On the way  B. In the way  C. By the way D. By way of

48. A. the monitor  B. a monitor   C. monitor      D. monitors

49. A. sometime     B. sometimes  C. some time  D. some times

50. A. tired     B. tiring  C. tire     D. tires

51. A. for       B. but     C. so       D. therefore

52. A. But      B. However    C . So     D. And

53. A. proud   B. more proud       C. prider D. prouder

54. A. playB. takes       C. makes                D. plays

55. A.meet      B. meeting      C. meets  D. met

材料题

       我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力,谨庄严宣告:这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺的应当成为自由独立的合众国,它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系,而它们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从此完全废止。

回答:

(1)这段引文出自什么文件?它发表于哪一国家的什么著名的历史事件中?这个事件具有什么性质?

                                                                                                                                                            

(2)大不列颠王国承认“这些殖民地的善良人民”真正“解除对于英王的一切隶属关系”是在哪一年?

                                                                                                                                                             

 (3)“自由独立的合众国”的全称是什么?