问题 填空题

请回答下列问题:

(1)N、Al、Si、Zn四种元素中,有一种元素的电离能数据如下:

电离能            I1       I2          I3         I4       …
In/kJ.mol-1     578      1817      2745      11578    …
 

则该元素是             (填写元素符号)。

(2)基态锗(Ge)原子的电子排布式是           ,Ge的最高价氯化物分子式是             ,该元素可能的性质或应用有         

A.是一种活泼的金属元素     B.其电负性大于硫 

C.其单质可作为半导体材料  D.其最高价氯化物的沸点低于其溴化物的沸点

(3)关于化合物,下列叙述正确的有         

A.分子间可形成氢键           

B.分子中既有极性键又有非极性键 

C.分子中有7个σ键和1个π键 

D.该分子在水中的溶解度大于2-丁烯

(4)NaF的熔点            的熔点(填>、=或<),其原因是             

答案

(1)Al

(2)1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p2;GeCl4 ;CD

(3)BD

(4)>;两者均为离子化合物,且电荷数均为1,但后者离子半径大,离子键较弱,因此熔点较低

(1)从表中原子的第一至第四电离能可以看出,元素的第一、第二、第三电离能都较小,可失去3个电子,最高化合价为+3价,即最外层应有3个电子,应为铝元素。

(2)镓是32号元素,核外有32个电子,基态锗(Ge)原子原子的电子排布式为1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p2,Ge的最高价为+4价,氯化物分子式是GeCl4

A.Ge是一种金属元素,但最外层电子数为4,金属性不强,故A错误;B.硫的其电负性大于硅,硅的电负性大于锗,所以锗的电负性小于硫,故B错误;  C.锗单质是一种半导体材料,故C正确; D.氯化锗和溴化锗都是分子晶体,但氯化锗的相对分子质量小于溴化锗,则氯化锗沸点低于溴化锗的沸点。

(3)A.分子中不存在与电负性强的元素相连的氢原子,所以不存在氢键,故A错误;B.分子中碳碳键是非极性键,碳氢键、碳氧键是极性键,故B正确;C.1个单键是1个σ键,一个双键是1个σ键和1个π键,所以分子中有9个σ键和3个π键,故C错误;D.根据醛基比甲基更溶于水,所以分子红两个甲基被醛基取代,溶解度增大,故D正确。

(4)两者均为离子化合物,且电荷数均为1,但后者离子半径大,离子键较弱,因此熔点较低。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
单项选择题

Most sore throats are caused by an infection which treatment with antibiotics cannot cure. But with simple remedies the patient normally gets better in 4 or 5 days. Sore throats are common. Most of the time the soreness is worse in the morning and improves as the day progresses.
Like colds, the vast majority of sore throats are caused by viral infections. This means most sore throats will NOT respond to antibiotics. Many people have a mild sore throat at the beginning of every cold. When the nose or sinuses become infected, drainage can run down the back of the throat and irritate it, especially at night. Or, the throat itself can be infected.
With a sore throat, sometimes the tonsils or surrounding parts of the throat are inflamed. Either way, removing the tonsils to try to prevent future sore throats is not recommended for most children.
Tonsillitis, however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain on swallowing. With children — and some adults — there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. It may be possible to see white spots on the back of the throat. The neck may also swell, both of which are the normal response to infection. Sometimes a sore throat may occur with the common cold, and with influenza there may be dryness of the throat, pain on coughing and loss of voice.
TREATMENT:
Aspirin: To help relieve the pain on swallowing and (if there is one) the fever. Use aspirin tablets dissolved in water so that the patient can gargle before swallowing. Repeat the treatment every 4 hours.
Drink: Encourage the patient to drink plenty.
Food: Food should not be forced on a patient who does not want to eat.
Steam: If there is pain in the throat on coughing, breathing in steam may help. CHILDREN:
Young children, who may not be able to gargle, should be given aspirin dissolved in water every 4 hours in the right dose for their age.
At one year: A single junior aspirin.
At five years: Half an adult aspirin.
At eight years: One whole adult aspirin.
WHEN TO SEE THE DOCTOR.
If the sore throat is still getting worse after 2 days. If the patient complains of earache. If the patient’s fever increases. If the patient or parent is very worried.

According to the passage, it would appear that most sore throats______.

A.(A) require an immediate visit to a doctor

B.(B) respond quickly to treatment with an antibiotic

C.(C) rarely turn out to be serious illnesses

D.(D) result in tonsillitis even when treated