问题 问答题

如图所示,是一个用折射率,n=1.6的透明介质做成的三棱柱的横截面图,其中∠A=60°,∠C=30°.现有一条光线从图中所示的位置垂直入射到棱镜的AB面上.试求:

(1)最终是否有光线从AC面射出.若有,请求出射出光线与AC面的夹角;若没有,请说明理由.

(2)请画出光线从AB面射入再从BC面射出的光路图,并求从BC射出的光线与BC面的夹角.

答案

(1)画出光路如图.

由临界角公式sinC=

1
n
得,sinC=
1
1.6
<sin60°,得C<60°.

光线第一次射到AC面上时,入射角为60°,大于临界角C,将发生全反射.

由几何关系得,入射角i=30°,小于临界角,则光线在AB面上不发生全反射,有光线反射,反射角i′=30°,根据几何知识得知反射光线与AC垂直,则最终有光线从AC射出,射出光线与AC面的夹角为90°.

(2)光线射到BC面上入射角i=30°,由n=

sinr
sini

折射角sinr=nsin30°=1.6×0.5=0.8,得r=53°

则出射光线与BC面的夹角约为37°.

答:

(1)有光线从AC面射出,跟AC面的夹角为90°.

(2)从BC面出射的光线跟BC面的夹角约为37°.

填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.

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