问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文言文,完成下面问题。

重建屯溪桥记

朱彝尊

  浙江之源,是名率水,由武溪东北,流合渔亭、榔木二水,经齐云之麓,夹溪入焉;东过珠里,越隆阜至屯溪。其西南五城之水,注月潭,度闵口,纳高枧之流达黎阳。黎阳者,南朝之废县治也。东北之屯溪,汇于率口。或日孙吴时毛甘屯兵万户于是,故溪以屯名。或日程忠壮王灵洗之所保也,故其子姓多率口居

  盖自率水东至于浙,为濑四十有七,滩三百有六十,浚流惊急,至屯溪而平。土人乃筑石为桥,以通行道。创始于明嘉靖十五年,历百有余岁,民安其利。康熙丙辰桥圮,率口程翁子谦出私钱独任之,先后费钱六百七十万。阅二年,桥成。又十七年,再圮。翁曰:“桥之不固,是吾过也。”遂以丁丑之秋,复事兴建,仍独任之,桥未成而翁殁。其子户部广西清吏司员外郎岳,继翁志,匠石之费几倍。工既竣,乃介珠里陈君昶青,乞予为志。

  若新安江水,其清见底,可洄可游。然溪流既广,梁非石不久。兰舟竹筏,齐出其下,陆则车徒之声互,茶纲纸户交于五达之衢。易之以木则易坏。易坏,则行者病。岁事更作,则居者劳。城郭、沟池、树渠之固,将失其险。然后知翁济人之功,经画之计为远且周也。今朝野之士,往往守杨氏为我之学,君臣、父子、兄弟之间,事辄相诿,其于处世之术则工矣。任重之谓何?使居其乡者,皆克如翁之用心,不私其财,恒以济人为念,推而邦国天下,何利之不可兴。而害之不可去?昔之人所以贵,夫任天下之重者,盖由是矣。翁以子岳贵,封朝议大夫、户部江西清吏司主事,尝捐金,置府县儒学田,葺明伦堂,筑率口上流沿溪石堤,建宗祠,修族谱,乐善不倦,其为德邻里,匪止两建石桥而已。(节选自《屯溪市志》,略有删节)

  【注释】①屯溪桥:又名“镇海桥”,位于安徽省黄山市府所在地屯溪率水、横江交汇处,跨立在横江口上,东西贯穿老街与黎阳,旧时为进出屯溪的门户。②朱彝尊(1629-1709),清代诗人、词人、学者。字锡鬯,号竹垞,晚号小长芦钓鱼师,又号金风亭长。秀水(今浙江嘉兴市)人。

1.对下列句中加粗的词语的解释,不正确的一项是( )

A.为濑四十七——有:通假字,通“又”

B.二年,桥成——阅:经过,经历

C.桥之不固,是吾也——过:过失,过错

D.皆如翁之用心——克:克服

2.下列各组句子中,加粗词的意义和用法相同的一组是( )

A.其西南五城水——巫医乐师百工

B.土人筑石为桥——今其智反不能及,其何怪也

C.易之木则易坏——其求思之深而无不在也

D.其于处世之术工矣——于其身也,耻师焉,惑矣

3.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是( )

A.选文开头一段是关于新安江源头考辨的论述及记录“屯溪”由来的几种可能。

B.选文第二段记述了程子谦父子两代人修葺屯溪桥——镇海桥的艰难经历。

C.选文煞尾一段不但记录了程氏的善举,还由此引发了一通关于经世为人的宏论。

D.程子谦父子都是“乐善不倦”“为德邻里”热心社会公益事业的人。

4.把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)或日程忠壮王灵洗之所保也,故其子姓多率口居。

___________________________________________________

(2)遂以丁丑之秋,复事兴建,仍独任之,桥未成而翁殁。

___________________________________________________

(3)恒以济人为念,推而邦国天下,何利之不可兴,而害之不可去?

___________________________________________________

答案

1.D

2.D

3.A

4.(1)有人说这里是“忠壮王”程灵洗所保护的,所以他的子孙大多在率口居住。

(2)于是在丁丑年秋天,再次做兴建屯溪桥的事情,仍然独自承担修桥的重任,桥没有修建完工而程公因患病去世了。

(3)常常把救助别人作为自己的思想,推而广之,拯救天下,安定国家,有什么事情不可以兴办的,有什么祸害不能够去除?

单项选择题
单项选择题

El Nino is the term used for the period when sea surface temperatures are above normal off the South American coast along the equatorial Pacific, sometimes called the Earth’s heartbeat, and is a dramatic but mysterious climate system that periodically rages across the Pacific.

El Nino means "the little boy" or "the Christ child" in Spanish, and is so called because its warm current is felt along coastal Peru and Ecuador around Christmas. But the local warming is just part of an intricate set of changes in the ocean and atmosphere across the tropical Pacific, which covers a third of the Earth’s circumference. Its intensity is such that it affects temperatures, storm tracks and rainfall around the world.

Droughts in Africa and Australia, tropical storms in the Pacific, torrential rains along the Californian coast and lush greening of Peruvian deserts have all been ascribed to the whim of EI Nino. Until recently it has been returning about every three to five years. But recently it has become more frequent--for the first time on record it has returned for a fourth consecutive year--and at the same time a giant pool of unusually warm water has settled down in the middle of the Pacific and is showing no signs of moving.

Climatologists don’t yet know why, though some are saying these aberrations may signal a worldwide change in climate. The problem is that nobody really seems sure what causes the El Nin o to start up, and what makes some per than others. And this makes it particularly hard to explain why it has suddenly started behaving so differently.

In the absence of EI Nino and its cold counterpart, La Nina, conditions in the tropical eastern Pacific are the opposite of those in the west. the east is cool and dry, while the west is hot and wet. In the east, it’s the winds and currents that keep things cool. It works like this. Strong, steady winds, called trade winds, blowing west across the Pacific drag the surface water along with them. The varying influence of the Earth’s rotation at different latitudes, known as the Coriolis effect, causes these surface winds and water to veer towards the poles, north in the northern hemisphere and south in the southern hemisphere. The surface water is replaced by colder water from deeper in the ocean in a process known as upwelling.

The cold surface water in turn chills the air above it. This cold dense air cannot rise high enough for water vapor to condense into clouds. The dense air creates an area of high pressure so that the atmosphere over the equatorial eastern Pacific is essentially devoid of rainfall.

Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to()

A. discuss the causes of climatic irregularities

B. exemplify the abnormal effects of EI Nino

C. explain the way in which EI Nino develops

D. show the recent observations of scientists