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题目:各种频繁发生的天灾和人祸,是对人类智慧与生存能力的严峻挑战。与其坐以待毙,事后问责,不如未雨绸缪,事先预防。请以《防患于未然》为题,写一篇以议论为主的文章,不少于800字。 凡事情要有预见性,防患于未然,远比出了险情再去补救更为重要。 在我国,古人就早已经认识到这一点。例如,古乐府诗《君子行》云:“君子防未然,不处嫌疑间。瓜田不纳履,李下不正冠。”再如,古代的一副对联“厉兵秣马备不懈;枕戈待旦防未然”,意为磨快兵器,喂饱战马,做到常备不懈;头枕武器,等待天明,是为了防患于未然。可以说,危机过去有,现在有,将来还会有。 可以举出很多类似的生活中的例子。例如,一个投入使用的存有易燃品的仓库,随时存在发生火灾的风险。一个建设中的项目也会面临许多不确定性的风险。例如近期国家建立危机应急处理机制,从法律和行政上保证把灾害降到最低程度等。 各种频繁发生的天灾和人祸,与周围许多事物都有关联。危机不可能完全避免,但可以预防。未雨绸缪,防患于未然,比正确处理危机更有价值。而且,就成本和风险而言,有效地防止危机的出现,总比在危机发生后再实施干预更有意义。虽然风险是不以人的意志为转移的,但这并不意味着风险是无法避免的。比如,人们为了避免“患上重大疾病”,平时会积极参加各种健身活动,增强体质,提高防病能力,等等。 除了用历史上和现实生活中的一些具体事例作为论据来论述,还可以巧妙地引用一些人们熟知的成语典故作为论据,进一步阐发、支持论点。正面的成语如:居安思危,盛当思衰,防微杜渐,曲突徙薪,凡事预则立、不预则废;反面的成语如:临渴掘井,亡羊补牢,临阵磨枪,江心补漏,千里之堤溃于蚁穴,等等。

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阅读理解。

    Each morning a rich man found a poor man sitting on a park bench (长凳). The poor man

always sat there, looking at the big hotel in which the rich man lived. One day the rich man got

out of his car and said to the poor man, "Excuse me, but I just want to know why you sit here

and look at my hotel every morning." "Sir," said the poor man, "I am a failure. I have no money,

no home. I sleep on this bench, and every night I dream (梦想) that one day I'll sleep in that hotel."

The rich man said, "Tonight your dream will come true. I'll pay for the best room in that hotel for

you a whole month."

    A few days later, the rich man went by the poor man's room to ask him how he was enjoying

himself. To his surprise, he found that the man had moved out of the hotel, back to his park bench.

When the rich man asked why, the poor man said, "You see, when I'm down here sleeping on my

bench, I dream I'm up there, in that big hotel. It's a wonderful dream. But when I was up there, I

dreamed I was back to this cold bench. It was a terrible dream, and I couldn't get any sleep at all."

1. The poor man lived in _____ before he met the rich man. [ ]

A. the hotel

B. his home

C. the park

D. the car

2. Every morning, the poor man sat on the bench and _____.

[ ]

A. waited for the rich man

B. looked at the rich man's hotel

C. looked at the rich man's cat

D. enjoyed the clean air

3. Every night the poor man dreamed of _____.[ ]

A. sleeping in that hotel

B. becoming rich

C. owning that hotel

D. being the rich man's friend

4. The poor man moved out of the hotel because _____. [ ]

A. he didn't want to live in such a fine room

B. he didn't like the rich man

C. he couldn't pay for the room

D. he couldn't get any sleep at all there

5. In the end, the poor man found it _____ to sleep in the hotel. [ ]

A. sorry

B. nice

C. wonderful

D. terrible

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