问题 阅读理解与欣赏

文言文阅读。

  李芾,字叔章,其先广平人。芾生而聪警。初以荫补安南司户,辟祁阳尉,出振荒,即有声。摄祁阳县,县大治,辟湖南安抚司幕官。时盗起永州,招之,岁余不下。芾与参议邓炯提千三百人破其巢,禽贼魁蒋时选父子以归,余党遂平。摄湘潭县,县多大家,前令束手不敢犯,芾稽籍出赋,不避贵势,赋役大均

  咸淳元年,入知临安府。时贾似道当国,前尹事无巨细先关白始行。芾独无所问。福王府有迫人死者,似道力为营救,芾以书往复辩论,竟置诸法。尝出阅火具(火攻战具),民有不为具者,问之,曰:“似道家人也。”立杖之。似道大怒,使台臣黄万石诬以赃罪,罢之。

  大军(元兵)取鄂州,始起为湖南提刑。时郡县盗扰,民多奔窜,芾令所部发民兵自卫,县予一皂帜,令曰:“作乱者斩帜下。”民始帖然。乃号召发兵,择壮士三千人,使土豪尹奋忠将之勤王,别召民兵集衡阳为守备。未几,似道兵溃芜湖,乃复芾官,知谭州兼湖南安抚使。时湖北州郡皆已归附,其友劝芾勿行,芾泣曰:“吾岂昧于谋身哉?第以世受国恩,今幸用我,我以家许国矣。”时其所爱女死,一恸而行。

  德佑元年七月,至潭州,潭州兵调且尽,游骑已入湘阴、益阳诸县,仓卒召募不满三千人,命刘孝忠统诸军。十月兵攻西壁,孝忠辈奋战,芾亲冒矢石以督之。有中伤者,躬自抚劳,日以忠义勉其将士。死伤相藉,人犹饮血乘城殊死战。有来招降者,芾杀之以徇。芾为人刚介,不畏强御,临事精敏, * * 猾不能欺。且强力过人,自旦治事至暮无倦色,夜率至三鼓始休,五鼓复起视事。平生居官廉,家无余赀。(《宋史·卷四百五十》,有改动)

1.下列句子中加粗词的解释有误的一项是(     )

A.祁阳县,县大治——摄:代理、管理

B.人犹饮血城殊死战——乘:趁机

C.民始然——帖:安定

D.芾杀之以——徇:示众

2.下列句子编为四组,全部表现李芾“临事精敏”的一组是(     )

①芾与参议邓炯提千三百人破其巢

②芾独无所问

③芾令所部发民兵自卫,县予一皂帜,令曰:“作乱者斩帜下。”

④使土豪尹奋忠将之勤王,别召民兵集衡阳为守备

⑤时其所爱女死,一恸而行  

⑥平生居官廉,家无余赀

A.①②⑤     

B.①③④     

C.②④⑥     

D.③⑤⑥ 

3.下列对原文的叙述和分析,不正确的一项是(     )

A.面对湘潭县的豪门大户,他不像前任县令那样畏首畏尾,而是清查户籍摊派赋税。

B.在处置福王府逼人致死的事件中,李芾用写信的方式向贾似道再三申明自己的观点,最终依法处理此事。

C.贾似道兵败芜湖后,朝廷只好恢复李芾官职,李芾在朋友的劝说下才出任潭州知州兼任湖南安抚使。

D.李芾常常是从早上办理公务直到晚上仍无疲倦之色,并且晚上也大都工作到三更天才去休息,五更天就又起来处理公务。

4.将文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)初以荫补安南司户,辟祁阳尉,出振荒,即有声。

_________________________________________________________

(2)县多大家,前令束手不敢犯,芾稽籍出赋,不避贵势,赋役大均。

_________________________________________________________

答案

1. B

2. B

3. C 

4. (1)他从小就聪敏机警。早年靠先人的业绩补缺做南安司户,后被征召做了祁阳尉,出外救济灾荒,不久就在当地有了好名声。

(2)该县有不少豪门大户,前任县令像捆住手脚一样不敢冒犯,李芾清查户籍摊派赋税,不躲避权势,(使得)赋税劳役极为公平。

单项选择题

For some people, the light of human attention has an unbearable brilliance. Like ivy along the dim edge of a garden, they prefer the social shadows, shunning parties, publicity and fame of any sort. Then there are the flowers of the human arboretum. For them, being in the view of others seems necessary for life itself. From Hollywood to fabricated prime-time reality, this spotlight-dependent species is thriving.

But what about the individuals who crave attention for more desperate reasons Those who resort to unusual ways to get it Lately, it seems, a dark bloom of these characters has emerged. For motives known only to themselves, they have won notoriety by drawing on an almost sacred well of social status, victim hood.

In early April, US national news outlets tracked the disappearance of Audrey Seiler, a sophomore at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. Police and hundreds of concerned citizens searched for four days before Seiler was discovered. Seiler said she was kidnapped. Within hours, however, her story fell apart. Police announced that her abduction had been a hoax. Why would a popular student make herself disappear Her motive remains a mystery, but perhaps it had something to do with the search parties and the news bulletins that surrounded her.

Sympathy is a powerful sentiment that can connect complete strangers. But if it’s used to manipulate, the backlash can be much more intense.

In February, a Waterbury, Connecticut, man was arrested as a result of exploiting sympathy. Edward Valentin told reporters that he had received word that his wife, serving in Iraq, had been killed in an explosion. Police said Valentin admitted the fabrication, reasoning that if people felt sorry for him maybe the military would send his wife home. Evidence, however, points elsewhere.

In its extreme form, such a craving shows up in mental disorders, where sufferers may seek attention by causing themselves harm. But even when it comes with no diagnosis, a deep craving to be noticed can have a wide impact.

For these individuals, victim hood represents a "pure state of guilt-free entitlement," said psychologist Richard Levak, of Del Mar, California. "They go from being utterly deprived to being utterly indulged. In today’s world ... people have become more depressed and disconnected from each other. So you get people who crave affection and attention and approval. They don’t know how to ask for it and they don’t know how to get it. That leaves them vulnerable. " Levak said.

In the first two paragraphs, the rhetoric device used in the writing is ().

A. paradox

B. analogy

C. metaphor

D. pun

单项选择题