问题 解答题

如图中①-⑤为反射弧的组成,据图回答.

(1)神经系统结构和功能的基本单位是______

(2)神经调节的基本方式是______,它的神经结构是______.在膝跳反射时,

当扣击膝盖下位韧带时,[______]______受到刺激而产生神经冲动,冲动沿着[______]______传到脊髓里的[______]______,由这里发出的神经冲动,在经过[]______,传到[______]______,引起大腿上肌肉收缩,使小腿前伸.

(3)如果把入汇总③切断,当④受到刺激时,该反射还能发生吗?

是否还能有感觉?______.

答案

(1)神经系统的结构和功能的基本单位是神经元;

(2)神经调节的基本方式是反射,反射必须通过反射弧来完成,反射弧包括感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经和效应器.在膝跳反射时,当扣击膝盖下位韧带时,引起大腿上肌肉收缩,使小腿前伸的反射过程是:④感受器接受刺激并产生神经冲动,然后神经冲动由②传入神经传导到①神经中枢,神经中枢位于脊髓中央的灰质内(神经元细胞体集中的部位),能接受神经冲动,产生新的神经冲动(即做出指令),③传出神经再将来自神经中枢的神经冲动传至⑤效应器,最后由⑤效应器接受神经冲动并作出相应的反应.

(3)在反射弧中,神经冲动的传导过程是:感受器接受刺激并产生神经冲动,然后神经冲动由传入神经传导神经中枢,神经中枢位于脊髓中央的灰质内(神经元细胞体集中的部位),能接受神经冲动,产生新的神经冲动(即做出指令),传出神经再将来自神经中枢的神经冲动传至效应器,最后由效应器接受神经冲动并作出相应的反应.据此可知,人体的传出神经受损,反射弧不完整,神经冲动就不能由传出神经传到效应器,效应器就无法做出反应,即反射活动不能进行.但是神经冲动仍然可以通过脊髓传到大脑的感觉中枢,产生感觉.

故答案为:(1)神经元.

(2)反射;反射弧;④感受器;②传入神经;①神经中枢;③传出神经;⑤效应器.

(3)有感觉,但不能进行反射活动.

完形填空

六.完形填空(20分)

More than fifty SARS experts ___1___ this month in Geneva at the headquarters of the World Health Organization. They came from fifteen countries to discuss progress ___2___ the lung disease. SARS began in southern China late last year. It ___3___ in Asia and other parts of the world. The W-H-O __4_____ travel warnings. Health officials worked aggressively. They kept SARS patients ____5___ others. They looked for anyone else those patients might have been near.

SARS was contained(遏制) in the middle of this year. By then, eight-thousand people had become sick. More than seven-hundred of ___6____ died.

SARS causes effects similar to ____7___ of pneumonia (肺炎) or influenza. People often cough. Breathing is difficult or ___8____ . Some people need machines to help them breathe. Body temperature goes ___9____ . SARS can also make people feel tired, __10_____ their head hurt and make them not want to eat. Most people with SARS, however, usually recover within two weeks.

1. A. met         B. will meet         C. saw           D. will see

2. A. for          B. against           C. on            D. from

3. A. took place    B. spreaded          C. take place      D. spread

4. A. decided      B. declared          C. announced      D. spoke

5. A. near         B. together with      C. away from      D. close to

6. A. whom       B. who             C. them           D. men

7. A. them        B. that              C. this           D. those

8. A. hurt         B. hurtful           C. painful         D. pain

9. A. down        B. away            C. up            D. to zero

10. A. make       B. having made     C. making        D. made

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