简述货币政策最终目标及含义。
参考答案：
所谓货币政策目标是指中央银行制定和实施某相货币政策所要达到的特定的经济目标。实际上就是货币政策的最终目标。目前，西方发达国家的货币政策有四大目标，即物价稳定、充分就业、经济增长和国际收支平衡。
（1）稳定物价一般是指通过实行适当的货币政策，保持一般物价水平的相对稳定，以避免出现通货膨胀或通货紧缩。
（2）充分就业一般是指消除一国经济中的非自愿失业，即由于工人们不愿接受现行的工资水平和工作条件而造成的失业。它的实现并不意味着失业率降为零，仍存在着自愿失业和摩擦失业。
（3）经济增长即促进经济的增长。一般用人均国民生产总值作为衡量指标。
（4）国际收支平衡指一国对其他国家的全部货币收入与全部或支出保持基本平衡。
任务型阅读 (共l0空；每空l分，计l0分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。（每空一词) The world is divided into two important parts. One half of the world is rich and the other half is poor. In the poor part, a lot of people never get enough to eat. In the rich part, many people eat too much. In one part, children are hungry and in the other, a lot of people are fatter and fatter and have to go on diets or do some exercise. For example, a dog or a cat in North America eats better than a child in the poorer countries. The poor countries have some difficult problems. Sometimes the land is too poor to grow anything on. The land can get better, but people have to do a lot of things first. They should learn how to enrich their land and how to find water. But rich countries have problems, too. Sometimes the air is too dirty to breathe and the rivers are too dirty to swim in or to take water. The roads and the streets are full of people and buses. Cars usually move very slowly. Noise is terrible. A lot of people do not have houses to live in. People must do something about these problems. We should do something to make the air and the rivers clean and build more houses. But it will take a long time.
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