问题 多项选择题

压力容器的工作环境对材料性能的影响因素,主要有:()

A.温度高低

B.载荷波动

C.介质性质

D.加载速率

答案

参考答案:A, B, C, D

单项选择题

澄明的夜空给予人们宇宙的宁静感是一个错觉,宇宙本身就是从混乱中诞生,也可能最终走向一个混乱的结局。虽然这个理论从根本上背离从古典时期到浪漫主义时期关于宇宙是最完美的艺术作品的概念,要接受它有一定的难度,但这毕竟是客观存在。20世纪物理学大师劳厄说过一番话,对于如何看待物理学中美的观念的发展和变迁是很有见地的。他说:“物理学从来不具有一种对一切时代都是完美的、完满的形式;而且它也不可能具有完美的、完满的形式,因为它的内容的有限性总是和观察量的无限丰富的多样性相对立的。”
如果把劳厄话中物理学这个词儿改成艺术,把观察量这个词儿改成艺术对象,于是他的话变成:“艺术从来不具有一种对一切时代都是完美的、完满的形式;而且它也不可能具有完美的、完满的形式,因为它的内容的有限性总是和艺术对象的无限丰富的多样性相对立的。”这番话对于如何看待艺术中美的观念不是同样很有见地的吗
是不是一切新的探索最终都归结到美呢不一定。在艺术上如此,在科学上也如此。在科学上一切探索都最终要受实验的考验,而在艺术上则是时间的考验。如果它们确是被挖掘到的世界的一个新的方面,那它们是美的。美不能先验地规定,就像毕达哥拉斯和开普勒那样。大师也会犯错误的。有时还是大错误。20世纪的一位数学大师外尔说:“我的工作总是尽力把真和美统一起来,但当我不得不在两者中选一个时,我通常选择美。”
正是他关于美的先验的标准使他相信左和右在宇宙里是对称的,从而放弃了他发现的一个重要理论——中微子的两分量理论,在这个理论中左和右是完全不对称的。然而李政道和杨振宁的工作证明,这个被发现者放弃的理论其实是正确的。外尔的观点在科学界是很典型的,他的朋友爱因斯坦也是一样,爱因斯坦认为,美是探求理论物理学中重要的一个指导原则。不过,在平衡美学的追求与科学的探索时,我想,当年第谷对开普勒的忠告是非常值得记取的。
在回顾已经过去的20世纪时,人类有理由为文明在这一百年里的[ ]感到自豪,但是,也应当充分地认识到一个事实,就是我们解决的问题远没有我们发现的问题多,我们驰骋过的领域没我们未曾涉足的领域大,这就是今后艺术和科学继续发现的根据,也是今后人们美学观要继续发展的道理。也许科学和艺术在一点上有很大的差异,那就是,重大的艺术成就总是给人们带来慰藉,而重大的科学成就则并非必定如此。
不过,从美的观点来看,怡人的美和悲怆的美同样动人,同样有追求的价值。

下列说法符合原文意思的一项是( )。

A.事实表明。一切新的探索最终不是怡人之美,便是悲怆之美

B.重大科学成就和重大艺术成就的差异就在于前者不能给人们带来慰藉

C.宇宙从混乱状态中诞生,也必将走向一个混乱的结局

D.人类未知的领域十分广阔,可以设想,人们的美学观也会得以继续发展

阅读理解

Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. It is the poorest of the poor. Only small sums are available for excavating(挖掘)and even less is available

for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Besides, there is the problem of unlawful excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to businessmen at the highest price..

I would like to make a suggestion that would at once provide money for archaeology and reduce the amount of diggings against law. You might say that professionals excavate to get knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts(古器

物) are part of our global cultural heritage(遗产), which should be there for all to appreciate, not sold at the highest price. I agree. Sell nothing that has scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here,

we disagree. In theory, you may be correct in saying that every artifact has hidden scientific value.

People can not help appreciate every unearthed treasure but there is not enough money even to put the finds in good order; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of the Internet, sold artifacts could be more reachable than are the pieces stored in museum basements. Before sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.

小题1:What’s the problems that archaeology as a profession has to face?

A.Money and unlawful excavation

B.Effectively duplicates.

C.Scientific purposes.

D.Excavation law.小题2:To let most people enjoy ancient artifacts, the practical way could be_______.

A.putting them in the museum

B.having sold artifacts returned

C.making use of the Internet

D.solving the money problem小题3:Which of the following four suggestions about archaeology is from the author?

A.No selling of any unearthed ancient artifacts.

B.Some money should be raised for the purpose.

C.Selling some unearthed ancient artifacts and having them returned when needed.

D.Ancient artifacts, our global cultural heritage, should be evenly shared by us all.