问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成12—13题。

桓阶字佝绪,长沙临湘人也。仕郡功曹。太守孙坚举阶孝廉,除尚书郎,父丧还乡里。会坚击刘表战死,阶冒难诣表乞坚丧,表义而与之。后太祖(指曹操)与袁绍相拒于官渡,表举州以应绍。阶说其太守张羡曰:“夫举事而不本于义,未有不败者也。故齐桓率诸侯以尊周,晋文逐叔带以纳王。今袁氏反此,而刘牧应之,取祸之道也。明府欲立功明义,全福远祸,不宜与之同也。”羡曰:“然则何向而可?”阶曰:“曹公虽弱,仗义而起,救朝廷之危,奉王命而讨有罪,孰敢不服?今若举四郡保三江以待其来,而为之内应,不亦可乎!”羡曰:“善。”乃举长沙及旁三郡以拒表,遣使诣太祖。太祖大悦。会绍与太祖连战,军未得南。而表急攻羡,羡病死。城陷,阶遂自匿。久之,刘表辟为从事祭酒,欲妻以妻妹蔡氏。阶自陈已结婚,拒而不受,因辞疾告退。

太祖定荆州,闻其为张羡谋也,异之,辟为丞相掾主簿,迁赵郡太守。魏国初建,为虎贲中郎将、侍中,时太子未定,而临菑侯植有宠。阶数陈文帝德优齿长,宜为储副,公规密谏,前后恳至。又毛玠、徐弈以刚蹇少党,而为西曹掾丁仪所不善,仪屡言其短,赖阶左右以自全保,其将顺匡救,多此类也。迁尚书,典选举。曹仁为关羽所围,太祖遣徐晃救之,不解。太祖欲自南征,以问群下。群下皆谓:“王不亟行,今败矣。”阶独曰:“大王以仁等为足料事势不也?”曰:“能。”“大王恐二人遗力邪?”曰:“不”。“然则何为自往?”曰:“吾恐虏众多,而晃等势不便耳。”阶曰:“今仁等处重围之中而守死无贰者,诚以大王远为之势也,夫居万死之地,必有死争之心,内怀死争,外有强救,大王案六军以示余力,何忧于败而欲自往?”太祖善其言,驻军于摩陂。贼遂退。

(节选自《三国志•魏书》)

小题1:下列对本文的分析,不正确的一项是

A.本文两段内容各有侧重,前段着重于“举事本于义”的叙述,后段则突出“为谋本于势”的记述。

B.本文选取六件小事写桓阶言行,形象地表现了他“持义举事”的品格和“审势为谋”的智慧。

C.本文桓阶的言行所体现出的“义”,包括“忠义”“道义”“义举”等,意思与“舍生取义”中的“义”相近。

D.从本文看,作者主要是站在公允立场上作客观记述,不着褒贬,以人物言行体现自身的性格特征。小题2:把文言文阅读材料中画线的语句翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)明府欲立功明义,全福远祸,不宜与之同也。(4分)

译文:

(2)刘表辟为从事祭酒,欲妻以妻妹蔡氏。(3分)

译文:

(3)公规密谏,前后恳至。(3分)  

译文:

答案

小题1:A

小题2:(1)明府要想建立功业申明大义,保全福分远离祸患,就不应跟刘表做法相同。(“全”“远”“不宜与之同”各1分, 大意通顺1分,共4分)

(2)刘表征召桓阶做从事祭酒,还想把妻子的妹妹蔡氏嫁给他做妻子(“辟”1分,“妻”1分,大意通顺1分,共3分)

(3)公开规劝或秘密进谏。态度始终都诚恳极了。(“公”“规”“至”各1分,共3分)

阅读理解

阅读理解

     Stop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings.Instead,  realize that the

seeds of success were planted within you when you were born.Only you have the power to make those

seeds grow.

     The seeds and the power to grow them are contained in the human mind.Success is a choice but not a

chance.You can be a success if only you make the right choice.

     You cannot be successful without first developing yourselfesteem (自尊). Your level of selfesteem is

always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself,  and thus over your life.People with low selfesteem do not believe that they have any power,  or responsibility for their lives.They

are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance brought about with any sudden change in the weather.

     You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for whatever happens in your life.Failures think that everything happens by accident while successful people

realize that they are responsible.

     Everything happens as a result of something.If we can identify the cause,  we can control the effect.We are responsible for what we consciously choose to accept and believe.Thoughts and beliefs cause

everything.Our attitudes and actions are a result of habits ingrained in us over a period of time.One

generally rises to the level that one expects.We are responsible for setting our expectations.Our success

depends upon our level of confidence.We are responsible for either reinforcing good habits or kicking

bad habits and consciously replacing them with consistently practiced good habits.

     If you associate with positivethinking people,  you are definitely going to achieve success.On the

contrary,  the opposite happens.We are responsible for finding,  planting,  and nurturing (培育) the seeds

that contain future victory,  born from setbacks.

     In short,  in all areas of your life,  whether they are financial,  physical,  emotional,  or spiritual,  you are responsible.Once you recognize this,  accept it,  and firmly believe it,  you are on the road to success.

1. Losers would think that________.

A. success is the result of hard work

B. working hard will lead to success

C. they fail only because of bad luck

D. they don't make efforts to succeed

2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that________.

A. whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes

B. developing confidence is the key to future success

C. thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind

D. setting our expectations is essential before taking action

3. The last paragraph serves as________.

A. the proof of the author's point

B. the conclusion of the argument

C. an introduction to another topic

D. a comparison between two views

4. Which is the best title of the text?

A. Success is a choice

B. The secrets of success

C. Develop our confidence  

D. How to achieve success

单项选择题