问题 问答题

如何利用美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级标准,进行麻醉前病情评估

答案

参考答案:答:ASA分级标准: Ⅰ级:体格健康,发育营养良好,各器官功能正常。Ⅱ级:除外科疾病外,有轻度并存病,功能代偿健全。Ⅲ级:并存病较严重,体力活动受限,但尚能应付日常活动。Ⅳ级:并存病严重,丧失日常活动能力,经常面临生命威胁。V级:无论手术与否,生命难以维持24小时的濒死患者麻醉前病情评估。Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级患者对麻醉和手术的耐受性良好,风险性较小。Ⅲ级患者的器官功能虽在代偿范围内,但对麻醉和手术的耐受能力减弱,风险较大,如术前准备充分,尚能耐受麻醉。Ⅳ级患者因器官功能代偿不全,麻醉和手术的风险很大,即使术前准备充分,围手术期的死亡率仍很高。Ⅴ级者为濒死患者,麻醉和手术都异常危险,不宜行择期手术。

阅读理解

阅读理解

       Germs(细菌 ) are everywhere. You can't see them, but they are on your desk,on your computer,

and even in the air !

       Like people,germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and

other things travel around the world,germs travel,too. Some germs are safe,but some are dangerous.

Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu.

Warmer Weather Brings Germs

       The world's weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries

can move there. Some of these insects,like mosquitoes,carry dangerous germs. These germs cause

headaches, fever, and can even kill people.

Under Your Skin

       Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs,but not all. They can enter your body when

you eat,or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch

your eyes, nose , or  mouth.

Fighting Germs

       Your immune system(兔疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body,your immune

system finds and kills them. Special cells (细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you

stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body

find and stop germs.

       What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away.

1. According to the text,insects                  .

A. kill germs      

B. carry germs      

C. protect germs    

D.love germs

2. The underlined word "there" refers to                    .

A. cooler countries  

B. hot countries    

C. everywhere      

D. the world

3. Which of the following is RIGHT according to the text ?

A. All germs are dangerous.      

B. There are more germs in cold places.

C. Soap can kill all germs.      

D. Germs can get into your body.

4. What do antibodies do?

A. They kill germs and wash them away.    

B. They find and develop germs.

C. They help protect us from germs.        

D. They carry dangerous germs.

5. Which can be the best title for this text?

A. Germs Are Everywhere                

B. Weather Is Changing

C. Skin Stops Germs                    

D. Germs Are Developed

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