问题 名词解释

达西定律

答案

参考答案:

1.水在饱和土中渗流是水流运动的一种形式,应遵从水力学的基本规律。

2.  {试中:z:该点对任一的基准面O-O′的高度,表示土体中水单位重量所具有位能即重力势能。u:土中水压力,又称孔隙水压力,表示土中水具有的压力势能,u/rw(rw为水容重)为孔隙中水压力的水柱高度,或称压力水头,代表该点的压力势能。v:该点的渗透流速,g为重力加速度,v2/2g代表该点所具有的动能。h:总水头高,为该点位能、压力势能、动能的总水头(即能量)。}

3.位能和压力势能水头之和(z+u/rw)称为测压管水头。由于土颗粒的助力往往较大,所以渗透流速很小,可以忽略不计,常用测压管水头表示渗流的总水头,(即)

4.水利力度i:水沿渗透路径方向流动产生总水头的损失率,意义为单位渗透路径的水头损失。即{试中:i:水力梯度,是无因次的,其中负号表示沿水流方向水头降低。ΔL:渗透路径的长度。Δh:经过渗透路径长度ΔL对应的水头损失(水头差)}

5.{试中:Q:渗透流量(cm³/s或m³/d),为单位时间水流通过土试样截面积A的流出量Q=V/t,V为时间t内流出的水量。A:土试样的截面积,包括土颗粒及孔隙在内的总截面积。v:渗透流量速度或称为截面平均渗透速度,单位为mm/s或m/d。k:渗透系数,为反映土渗透性能的系数,相当于单位水力梯度(i=1)时的渗透流量速度(平均渗透速度),故其量纲与流速相同(mm/s或m/d)}达西定律中渗透流量速度v并不是水在土孔隙中流动的实际平均流速

6.达西定律的适用范围主要与渗透水流在土中的流动状态有关(属于层流状态者适用,紊流状态则不适用),还与土孔隙中液体性质,土颗粒的大小、形状、矿物成分,水的相互作用有关。

 

阅读理解

Read the passage and answer the questions. (阅读短文,回答问题。)

                                                   The Fashionable Tang-style Costume

    Located① in Changle Road on the side of Shanghai Jinjiang Hotel, the “Tang-style Costume Street” has been enjoying high popularity for its traditional Chinese attire② following the costume pattern of Tang Dynasty (618-907) . Its fame③ soared④ higher after the APEC⑤ meeting in Shanghai at which Tang-style costumes were offered for APEC leaders.

    On the street are custume shops of various grades and features. Some sell modern costumes with traditional touch, such as cloth-knotted⑥ buttons and round flower patterns. Others offer 100 percent traditional attire. 

    Most shops sell costumes, so you can enjoy the Chinese costumes. Why are the Chinese costumes so popular now? It's in touch with the high development of our country. The getting-in-fashion was also owned to APEC leaders. They all wore Tang-style costumes at Shanghai meeting. This has proved an old saying that only things of a national touch can prevail⑦ in the world.

Notes: 1. locate   v.  位于,坐落于

           2. attire   n.  服装,盛装

           3. fame   n.  名声

           4. soar    v.  猛增

           5. APEC  亚太经合组织

           6. cloth-knotted   adj.  用布打结的

           7. prevail  v.  流行 

1. Does the Tang-style Costume Street locate in Shanghai?

                                                                                          

2. Where did APEC leaders wear the Tang-style costumes?  

                                                                                          

3. Are the modern costumes with traditional touch in fashion? 

                                                                                          

4. Most shops sell Tang-style costumes, do they?

                                                                                          

5. What's the old saying for the fashion?

                                                                                          

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