阅读《种树郭橐驼传》片段，回答下列小题：
有问之，对曰：“橐驼非能使木寿且孳也，能顺木之天，以致其性焉尔。凡植木之性，其本欲舒，其培欲平，其土欲故，其筑欲密。既然已，勿动勿虑，去不复顾。其莳也若子，其置也若弃。则其天者全，而其性得矣。故吾不害其长而已，非有能硕茂之也；不抑耗其实而已，非有能蚤而蕃之也。他植者则不然，根拳而土易。其培之也，若不过焉则不及。苟有能反是者，则又爱之太殷，忧之太勤。旦视而暮托，已去而复顾。甚者爪其肤以验其生枯，摇其本以观其疏密，而木之性日以离矣。虽曰爱之，其实害之；虽日忧之，其实仇之。故不我若也，吾又何能为哉!”
| 解释这段文字中加点的字。 孳： 天： 爪： 离： |
参考答案：
解析：孳：繁殖得多。天：自然生长的规律。爪：用指甲抓破。离：被破坏。
第二卷（主观题，共35分） 第四部分：写作（共二节，满分35分） 第一节 任务型读写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每空只填一个单词。 Making a public speech is most people’s least favorite thing. The reason is that we are all afraid of making fools of ourselves. The more important the speech is, the more frightened we become .But stop biting your finger-nails. Public speaking is easy. It’s just a simple talking, and you talk all the time. Although I’m basically shy (honest!), I’ve been making speeches and talking on radio and television for more than 30 years. Anybody who can talk can speak in public. Here are some of the lessons I have learned: 1. Keep your speech simple. Your audience will leave with one or two of your main ideas, that is to say, most people can remember one or two of your ideas well, one or two, not ten or twenty. So you should prepare one or two of your main ideas well. But if you can’t express what you want to get across, then your speech is not focused well enough. And if you don’t have a clear idea of what you want to say, there’s no way your audience will. 2. Organize your speech well. No matter how long or short your speech is, you have to organize your speech—how you are going to open or begin, what major points you want to make and how you’re going to close or end. Because a strong close is very important and critical(关键的): the last thing you say is what your audience will most likely remember. If not, they will be confused. 3. Keep your speech not long. The standard length of a speech is usually 12 minutes. Most people can’t focus their attention on one thing for too long time, which will make them tired and lose their interest. If you pay no attention to your audience’s reaction(反应)，the audience will get bored. Of course, your speech proves a failure. Following these suggestions above, you can make a good speech in public, and you will be an excellent speaker, I think.
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