问题 问答题 简答题

渗流引起的工程常见问题?

答案

参考答案:

渗漏:

渗透变形(渗透破坏):当渗透力较大时,就会引起土颗粒的移动,甚至把土颗粒带出而流失,使土体产生变形和破坏。(土木建筑物及地基由于渗流的作用而出现变形或破坏),其变现形式有1、流土2、管涌3.、接触流土4、接触冲刷。流土:在渗透向上的作用时,土体表面局部隆起或者土颗粒同时发生悬浮和移动的现象。(粘性土引起流土,属于流土型土);

管涌:在渗透水流的作用下,土体中的细土粒在粗土粒间的孔隙通道中随水流移动并被带出流失的现象。(管涌型土)。

基坑降水引起地基沉降

 

完形填空

阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。

[1]Losing weight is hard enough. Keeping it off is even harder. Now a new study by researchers at Penn State suggests that the techniques that work for losing weight aren’t necessarily the same as those that help keep you slim.

[2]First the researchers surveyed over 1,100 people who had achieved significant weight loss and maintained it. The researchers identified 36 weight-loss and weight-maintenance practices that at least10% of the group used.

[3]Then the researchers conducted a national telephone survey of overweight people who had tried to lose weight and keep it off with different success: about 11% reported successfully losing weight, and 21% were able to maintain that loss for at least a year.

[4]The survey found people who        did so by participating in weight loss programs, cutting back on sugar, eating healthy snacks, not skipping meals and participating in different types of exercise.

[5]Still, say many nutrition and obesity experts. The basic principles of weight loss and maintenance are the same; you have to eat a healthy diet and increase your exercise. People who lose weight and keep it off tend to eat significantly healthier foods and do a lot more exercise than the average American.

[6]But what may maintain between weight-loss and maintenance is a person’s attitude; rather than focusing on actively losing weight in the short term. People have to start focusing on long-term, permanent lifestyle changes and behaviors, if they want to maintain the weight that’s been lost. The key to success, experts agree, is motivation, not necessarily the particulars of your weight-loss program.

小题1:What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words)

                                                                              

小题2:Complete the following statement with words from the text. (no more than 5 words)

If people want to keep           , they have to pay attention to the lifestyle changes and the behaviors.

小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)

                                                                             

小题4:What do experts say about weight loss and maintenance? (no more than 10 words)

                                                                             

小题5:What does the word “those” (line 2, paragraph 1) refer to?   (no more than 3 words)

                                                                             

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