问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字。完成1---6题。

卓 茂

卓茂字予康,南阳宛人也。性宽仁恭爱。初辟丞相府史,事孔光,光称为长者。时尝出行,有人认其马。茂问日:“子亡马几何时?”对日:“月余日矣。”茂有马数年,心知其谬,默解与之,挽车而去,顾日:“若非公马,幸至丞相府归我。”他日,马主别得亡者,乃诣府送马,叩头谢之。

后以儒术举为侍郎,给事黄门,迁密令。劳心谆谆,视人如子,举善而教,口无恶言;吏人亲爱而不忍欺之。人尝有言部亭长受其米肉遗者,茂辟左右问之日:“亭长为从汝求乎,为汝有事嘱之而受乎,将平居自以恩意遭之乎?”人日:“往遗之耳。”茂日:“遗之而受。何故言邪?”人日:“窃闻贤明之君,使人不畏吏,吏不取人。今我畏吏,是以遗之,吏既卒受,故来言耳。”茂曰:“汝为敝人矣。凡人所以贵于禽兽者,以有仁爱.知相敬事也。今邻里长老尚致馈遗,此乃人道所以相亲,况吏与民乎?吏顾不当秉威力强请求耳。凡人之生,群居杂处,故有经纪礼仪以相交接。汝独不欲修之,宁能高飞远走,不在人阃邪?亭长素善吏,岁时遗之,礼也。”人日:“苟如此。律何故禁之?”茂笑日:“律设大法,礼顺人情。今我以礼教汝,汝必无怨恶;以律治汝。何所措其手足乎?一门之内,小者可论,大者可杀也。且归念之!”于是人纳其训,吏怀其恩。

(《后汉书·卓茂传》,有改动)

1.对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是    (    )

A.幸至丞相府归我        幸:希望。

B.后以儒术举为侍郎      举:推举。

C.茂辟左右问之日        辟:躲避。

D.岁时遗之,礼也        遗:馈赠。

2.下列各组句子中加点的词的意义和用法,不相同的一组是    (    )

A.①亭长为从汝求乎?         ②如今人方为刀俎,我为鱼肉

B.①乃诣府送马,叩头谢之     ②精思附会,十年乃成

C.①默解与之,挽车而去      ②于是从散约败,争割地而赂秦

D.①凡人所以贵于禽兽者      ②直栏横槛,多于九土之城郭

3.下列句子中加点的词语的意义,与现代汉语相同的一项是    (    )

A.吏人亲爱而不忍欺之

B.律设大法,礼顺人情

C.吏顾不当乘威力强请求耳

D.故有经纪礼仪以相交接

4.将下列句子翻译成现代汉语。

①遗之而受,何故言邪?

②以有仁爱,知相敬事也。

③苟如此,律何故禁之?

④以律治汝,何所措手足乎?

5.以下句子分别编为四组,全部表现卓茂“宽仁恭爱”的一组是    (    )

①举为侍郎,给事黄门。             ②心知其谬,默解与之。

③视人如子,举善而教。             ④贤明之君,使人不畏吏。

⑤此乃人道所以相亲,况吏与民乎?    ⑥今我以礼教汝,汝必无怨恶。

A.①②⑥    B.①④⑤   C.②③⑤   D.③④⑥

6.下列叙述,不符合原文意思的一项是  (    )

A.有人误把卓茂的马认为是自己丢失的,卓茂也不解释,就把马解给了那人,那人找到了丢失的马,把马送还了卓茂,并感谢卓茂的大仁大德。

B.卓茂担任密令时,有人告发部下一位亭长收受别人赠送的米肉。卓茂问明情况,原来是那人怕亭长而自愿送给亭长的礼物,并非亭长乘威所致。

C.告发亭长者认为,官吏不应该收受别人的礼物,如果收受,就是违背律条的规定,亭长收受了自己的米肉,应当向上司告发,使其受到惩治。

D.卓茂认为,不论是邻里老人,还是官吏百姓,都应该“有仁爱,知相敬”,有经纪礼义以互相往来,以顺应人情,不应死守教条,无限上纲。

答案

1.C。避:使……回避。2.B。A相当于“是”。B①相当于“于是”、“就”。②相当于“才”。C顺接连词。D 介词,表比较。3.B。A相亲相爱,动词,作谓语;今关系密切,感情深厚,形容词,作定语。C强行索取;今说明要求,希望得到满足。D交往;今连接,移交接替。4.①送给的礼物他接受了,有什么理由来告发他?②是因为人有仁爱精神,懂得互相尊敬和来往的事理。③如果像你说的这样,法律上为什么要禁止这样做呢?④如果 按照法律来惩治你,你将怎么来对待呢?5.C。①表明卓茂的履历,表现其谙儒术。④表现“言亭长受人米肉之人”对“吏”的看法。⑥这是一种假设,“今’’相当于“如果”。6.A。“感谢卓茂的大仁大德”不当,应为“谢罪”。

[译文]卓茂字子康,是南阳郡宛人。本性宽厚仁爱恭顺。起初被征召为丞相府史,在孔光手下办事,孔光称他为长者。卓茂有一次外出,有人把他的马误为是自己的。卓茂问道:“你的马丢失多长时间了?”那人答道:“丢失一个多月了。”卓茂的马跟随自己已好几年了。卓茂心里知道那人认错了,却坦然解下马来给了那人,自己拉着车回去,回头对那人说:“如果这匹马不是您丢失的,希望把它送到丞相府还给我。”后来,马主在别的地方寻到了自己丢失的马,就把卓茂的马送丞相府归还卓茂,并叩头谢罪。

后来,卓茂因为通晓儒术被推举为侍郎,供职于黄门,升迁为密县县令。其间,他操劳尽职,谆谆恳切,对待百姓,像对待自己的子女一样,拿善政来教人,口里没有半句恶言,官吏百姓都对他相亲相爱而不忍心欺骗他。有人曾对卓茂说,下面有位亭长曾接受他米肉的馈赠。卓茂使手下的人避开问他道:“亭长是向你索取的呢,还是因为你有事嘱托他办而收受的呢,还是你平常感到他对你有恩而送他的?”那人说:“是我自己前往送他的。”卓茂说:“你送给他礼物,他接受了你的礼物,有什么理由来告发他?”那人说:“我听说贤明的君主能使人不害怕官吏,官吏不索取别人的财物。我现在害怕官吏,才送他东西,亭长已经接受了我的馈赠,所以我才来告发的。”卓茂说:“你是一个不懂事理的人啊。大凡人比禽兽高贵的原因,是因为人有仁爱精神,懂得互相尊敬和来往的事理。现在邻里年长的人尚且互相赠送食物,这是人道用来互相亲善的做法,何况是官吏与百姓之间呢?官吏只是不应当凭自己的威势向百姓强行索取罢了。人生在世,群居杂处;所以有经纪礼义而互相交接往来。你难道不想修好人际关系,宁可远走高飞,不在人间生活吗?亭长向来是个好官,一年到头送点东西给他,是合乎礼仪的。”那人说:“如果这样的话,法律上为什么要禁止官吏接受贿赂呢?”卓茂笑道:“法律设置的是大法,札顺的是人情。现在我拿礼来教你,你一定没有抱怨我的恶意,如果用法律来惩治你,你怎么来对待呢?一门律条之内,从小的方面看,可以判罪,从大的方面看,可以杀头啊。你暂且回去想想吧!”于是百姓接受他的教诲,官吏们记着他的恩德。

填空题


In the following passage, there are 25 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Some consumer researchers distinguish (1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality" (2) the traditional economic sense that assumes (3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives (4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). (5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based (6) totally objective criteria, such (7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods (8) to personal or subjective criteria—the desire (9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.
The assumption underlying this distinction is (10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. (11) , it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, (12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based (13) the individual’s own needs as (14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear (15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational (16) the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. (17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. (19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.
Some researchers go so far (20) to suggest that emphasis (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously (22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not (23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences, (24) what they perceive to be (25) their own best interests.

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