问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字。完成1---6题。

刘   宽

刘宽字文饶,弘农华阴人也。宽尝行,有人失牛者,乃就宽车中认之。宽无所言,下驾步归。有顷,认者得牛而送还,叩头谢日:“惭负长者,随所刑罪。”宽日:“物有相类:事容脱误,幸劳见归,何为谢之?”州里服其不校。

延熹八年,征拜尚书令,迁南阳太守。典历三郡,温仁多恕,虽在仓卒,未尝疾言遽色。常以为“齐之以刑,民免而无耻。”吏人有过,但用蒲鞭罚之,示辱而已,终不加苦。事有功善,推之自下。灾异或见,引躬克责。每行县止息亭传,见父老慰以农里之言,少年勉以孝悌之训。人感德兴行,日有所化。

熹平五年,代许训为太尉。灵帝颇好学艺,每引见宽,常令讲经。宽尝于坐被酒睡状。帝问:“太尉醉邪?"宽仰对日:“臣不敢醉,但任重贵大,忧心如醉。”帝重其言。

宽尝坐客.遣苍头市酒,迂久,大醉而还。客不堪之,骂日:“畜产。”宽须臾遣人视奴,疑必自杀。顾左右曰:“此人也,骂言畜产,辱孰甚焉!故吾惧其死也。”夫人欲试宽令恚,伺当朝会,装严已讫,使侍婢奉肉羹,翻污朝衣。婢遽收之。宽神色不异,乃徐言日:“羹烂汝手?”其性度如此。海内称为长者。

(《后汉书·卓鲁魏刘列传第十五》)

1.对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是    (    )

A.州里服其不校            校:计较。

B.灾异或见,引躬克责      躬:自身。

C.人感德兴行,日有所化     化:风俗人心的变化。

D.其性度如此              度:推测。

2.下列各组句子中,加点的词的意义和用法相同的一组是    (    )

A.①故吾惧其死也           ②昔其用武而不终也

B.①认者得牛而还             ②君子博学而日参省乎己

C.①惭负长者,随所刑罪     ②而为秦人积威之所劫,

D.①见父老慰以农里之言     ②而从六国破亡之言

3.将下列句子翻译成现代汉语。

①宽无所言,下驾步归。

②齐之以刑,民免而无耻。

③宽尝于坐被酒睡状。

④宽尝坐客,遣苍头市酒。

4.“物有相类,事容脱误,幸劳见归,何为谢之”在文中的正确意思是    (    )

A.事物有同类的,事情也允许有错误,劳累你来把牛归还我,为什么还要道歉呢?

B.事物有相似之处,事情也允许有错误,劳累你来把牛归还我,为什么还道歉呢?

C.事物有同类的,事情也容易有错误,劳累你发现了就归还,为什么还要道歉呢?

D.事物有相似之处,事情也允许有错误,劳累你发现了就归还。为什么还要道歉呢?

5.下列句子分别编为四组,能表现刘宽行为宽厚仁慈的一组是:    (  )

①虽在仓卒,未尝疾言遽色              ②齐之以刑,民免而无耻

③但用蒲鞭罚之,示辱而已,终不加苦    ④臣不敢醉,但任重责大,忧心如醉

⑤宽须臾遣人视奴                      ⑥宽神色不异,乃徐言日:“羹烂汝手?”

A.①②⑤    B.①④⑥        C.③⑤⑥    D.②③④

6.下列对原文的叙述与分析,不正确的一项是    (

A.刘宽为人宽厚,他不仅没有责罚那个失牛的人,反而加以宽慰,这使得他在州里赢得了声誉。

B.刘宽历任郡守,不主张用严刑峻法整治百姓。属吏有错,他只是象征性地施刑以示;羞辱,从不施加严刑。政务有了功绩,则归功于下属。

C.刘宽以德为政。他巡视属县时,对老年人谈农事和乡土之事,以示关切,对年轻人则用孝顺父母顺从兄长的教诲加以鼓励。

D.刘宽性情温和慈爱。夫人在早晨会客时让侍女故意以肉汤污其官服以试其会不会发   怒,但刘宽不但神情自若,反而关心侍女烫伤了没有。

答案

1.D。应为气量,胸襟。2.D。结构助词,用于定语与中心词之间,相当于“的”。A①人称代词表单数,相当于“他"。②人称代词,表复数,相当于“他们”。B①连词,表示顺承关系,相当于“就”。②连词,表示递进关系,相当于“而且”。 C①用在动词“刑罪"之前,构成“所”字结构。②表示被动。3.①刘宽什么也没说,卸下驾车的牛交给失牛的人,自己步行而归。②用刑罚来整治百姓,百姓就会只求逃避刑罚而没有了羞耻之心。③刘宽曾经在座位上显出醉酒入睡的样子。④刘宽曾经招待客人,派仆人去买酒。4.B。类:相似 容:允许 脱误:言行有误。见归:归还给我5.C。①表现其温和。②表现其以德为政的主张。④表现其一心为政。6.D。应是准备上朝,已穿好官服的时候。

[译文]刘宽字文饶,弘农郡华阴县人。刘宽曾经乘牛车出行,有一个丢失了牛的人,就指认刘宽的驾车牛为他丢失的牛。刘宽没有说什么,卸下牛交给他步行而归。过了一会,指认牛的人找到了丢失的牛后将刘宽的牛送还,叩头谢罪说:“我对不起您这样的长者,任您处罚。"刘宽说:“事物有相似之处,事情也允许有错误,劳累你来把牛归还我,为什么还要道歉呢?”州里的人都很钦佩他的不计较。

延熹八年,朝廷征召他,授官尚书令,后升任南阳太守。先后主管过三个郡。他和气仁慈,多行宽恕,即使在匆忙之时,也从未有语言、神情急躁。刘宽一向认为若以刑罚来整治百姓,百姓就会只求逃避刑罚而没有了羞耻之心。属吏犯了过错,他只用蒲草做的鞭子施刑处罚,只是为显示羞辱,始终不对其施加严刑。政务有了功绩,总是推让给下属。有时出现了灾异,他就引咎自责。每次巡视属县,都只是住在乡间客舍,看见老年人总是与他们谈农事和乡土之事,以示关切;对年轻人则用孝顺父母顺从兄长的教诲加以鼓励。人们被他的道德和行为所感化,风俗人心一天天地改善。

熹平五年,代许训担任太尉。灵帝很爱好学术技艺,每次召见刘宽,常让他讲解经书。刘宽曾经在座位上显出醉酒入睡的样子,灵帝问:“太尉是醉了吗?"刘宽仰起头回答说:“臣不敢醉酒,但深感责任重大,内心忧虑如醉。"灵帝很看重他的说法。

刘宽曾经招待客人,派仆人去买酒。隔了很久,仆人醉醺醺地回来了。客人忍不住,骂道:“畜生。”刘宽即刻派人去探视这个仆人,怀疑他会自杀。并对身边的人说:“他是个好人啊,骂他是畜生,还有什么样的侮辱比这更厉害呢?所以我害怕他会去死。”夫人想试试让刘宽发怒,待他准备上朝,已穿好官服的时候,让侍女送上肉汤,故意打翻沾污了官服。侍女匆忙收拾,刘宽神情不变,缓缓地对侍女说:“汤烫伤你的手了吗?”他的性情气度如此。国内的人都称他是长者。

多项选择题
单项选择题

In an age of perpetual digital connectedness, why do people seem so disconnected In a Duke University study, researchers found that from 1985 to 2004, the percentage of people who said there was no one with whom they discussed important matters tripled, to 25%; the same study found that overall, Americans had one-third fewer friends and confidants than they did two decades ago.

Another recent study, by researchers at the University of Michigan, found that college students today have significantly less empathy than students of generations past did. The reason, psychologists speculate, may have something to do with our increasing reliance on digital communication and other forms of new media.

It’s possible that instead of fostering real friendships off-line, e-mail and social networking may take the place of them—and the distance inherent in screen-only interactions may breed feelings of isolation or a tendency to care less about other people. After all, if you don’t feel like dealing with a friend’s problem online, all you have to do is log off.

The problem is, as empathy wanes, so does trust. And without trust, you can’t have a cohesive society. Consider the findings of a new study co-authored by Kevin Rockmann of George Mason University and Gregory Northcraft at the University of Illinois who specializes in workplace collaboration. Northcraft says high-tech communications like e-mail and (to a lesser extent) videoconferencing—which are sometimes known as "lean communication" because they have fewer cues like eye contact and posture for people to rely on—strip away the personal interaction needed to breed trust. In a business setting—as in all other social relationships outside the workplace—trust is a necessary condition for effective cooperation within a group. "Technology has made us much more efficient but much less effective," said Northcraft in a statement. "Something is being gained, but something is being lost. The something gained is time, and the something lost is the quality of relationships. And quality of relationships matters."

In Rockmann and Northcraft’s study, 200 students were divided into teams and asked to manage two complicated projects: one having to do with nuclear disarmament; the other, price fixing. Some groups communicated via e-mail, some via videoconference and others face to face. In the end, those who met in person showed the most trust and most effective cooperation; those using e-mail were the least able to work together and get the job done.

Northcraft thinks this is because real-life meetings, during which participants can see how engaged their colleagues are, breed more trust. Over e-mail, meanwhile, confirmation of hard work gets lost, which tends to encourage mutual slacking off.

Which of the following could best summarize the passage()

A. Digital communication is hurting personal relationship

B. Online networking may take the place of offline relationship

C. New media contribute less to fostering real friendship

D. Real-life meetings can breed trust among students