问题 问答题 简答题

何谓肺性脑病?简述其发病机制。

答案

参考答案:

由呼吸衰竭引起的脑功能障碍称为肺性脑病。其发病机制如下:①二氧化碳直接使脑血管扩张,缺氧也能使脑血管扩张,从而使脑充血;②缺氧和酸中毒损伤血管内皮,使其通透性增高,导致脑间质水肿;③缺氧使脑细胞ATP生成减少,影响脑细胞膜上Na+泵功能,引起细胞内水、钠潴留,形成脑细胞水肿;④呼吸衰竭时脑脊液pH降低,导致细胞内酸中毒,可增强脑谷氨酸脱羧酶活性,使广氨基丁酸生成增多导致中枢抑制。总之,由于上述因素所致脑充血、水肿、颅内压增高,甚至脑疝形成,加上中枢处于抑制,从而出现脑功能严重障碍。

阅读理解

.Chris is not a traditional explorer(探险家)—he usually works in an office for a large organization. However, Chris’ job can be just as exciting and dangerous as being an explorer.

Chris works for MSF, an organization also known as Doctors Without Border(国界). Since 1971, MFS has sent trained doctors all over the world to help people who have suffered from disasters, such as wars and illnesses. Chris is a doctor from France who has traveled to many places to organize programs that help people.

At the moment, over 27,000 trained doctors have taken part in MSF projects. The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999. All kinds of doctors can volunteer for MSF. They need to be ready to go almost anywhere in the world and, of course, they should face difficulties. Most of MSF’s work is in Africa. When MSF chooses a doctor for a task, they have to go for at least six months. When doctors have completed a few tasks, they might be sent on an emergency(紧急的) task following a disaster, such as an earthquake.

But why would doctors leave a comfortable life and a good pay to join MSF? According to Chris, the experience they have is a great help in their life. What’s more, just like the explorers of the past, they need to keep an open mind and learn to get on well with the people they meet. One thing that they can say at the end of any task is that they have made a real difference to people’s lives.

小题1:What may MSF’s work be like?

A.Tiring and boring

B.Exciting and dangerous

C.Relaxing and colorful

D.Peaceful and comfortable小题2:As a volunteer doctor for MSF, he or she should ________.

A.have worked in Africa for six months

B.have been sent on an emergency task

C.be ready to work for a task for at least half a year

D.have suffered from wars, illnesses or other disasters小题3:             Why would doctors like to join MSF?

A.Because they can get a good pay.

B.Because they can have a comfortable life.

C.Because they can help others and get experience.

D.Because they can travel abroad with their families.小题4: What is the main idea of this passage?

A.Chris is a doctor who has organized programs to help people.

B.MSF received the Nobel Peace Prize for helping poor countries.

C.Volunteer doctors make a real difference to their own lives in MSF.

D.MSF offers medical help to people who have suffered from disasters.

判断题