问题 阅读理解

阅读理解

     My students often tell me that they don't have "enough time" to do all their schoolwork.

     My reply is often a brief "You have as much time as the president." I usually carry on a bit about there

being twentyfour hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that "not enough time" is not an acceptable

explanation of not getting something done.

     Once in graduate school, I tried to prove to one of my professors by saying that I was working hard.

His answer to me was,"That's irrelevant (无关的).What's important is the quality of your work." Since

then I have had time to think carefully about the "hard worker" dodge(决窍), and I have come to some

conclusions-all relevant to the problem of how much time we have.

     If you analyze the matter, you can identify two parts of the problem: There is, of course, the matter of

"time", which we can think of as fixed.Then there is the problem of "work" during that time.But, as my

professor suggested, it's not how hard one works but the quality of the product that's important.

     That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work.That concept is perhaps best explained by a sign I

once saw on the wall in someone's office:"Don't work harder.Work smarter." There is a lot of sense in that idea.

     If you can't get more time, and few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of the work.

That means thinking of ways to get more out of the same time than we might otherwise get.That should

lead us to an analysis of our work habits.Since "work" for students usually means "homework", the

expression "work habits" should be read as "study habits".

     Then,as a smart student, you will seek to improve those skills that you use in study, chiefly reading and writing.If you learn to read better and write better, there are big benefits that pay off in all your studies.

1. From the passage, we know that the author is probably ________.                        

A. a poet                                                                                

B. an educator                                                                            

C. a novelist                                                                            

D. an engineer                                                                            

2. We can infer from the 2nd paragraph that we students still ________.                  

A. have enough time                                                                      

B. can meet the president                                                                

C. get everything done well                                                              

D. should accept the explanation                                                          

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?                              

A. The author's students make good use of their time to do all their homework.            

B. The author tried to tell the professor that he/she (the author) had done a good job.  

C. You can't improve the quality of the work if you can't get more time.                  

D. You'll try to improve your skills in reading and writing if you're a clever student.  

4. What's the passage mainly about?                                                      

A. Students don't have enough time.                                                      

B. Don't work harder; work smarter.                                                      

C. No one can get more time.                                                              

D. Read better and write better.                                                          

答案

1-4 BADB

判断题
阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成问题。

“和而不同”的文化心态

修建军

  “和”与“同”是先秦时期两个重要的哲学概念。和同之辨早在西周末年《国语》、《左传》中就有明确记载。孔子有关和同之辨的理论,是对前人学说的一种继承和发展。“君子和而不同,小人同而不和。”(《(论语·子路》)“和而不同”是孔子理想人格的一个重要标准。和与同的区别,在于是否承认原则性和差异性。承认差异,有差异性的统一才是“和”。“和而不同”,被公认是典型的中国哲学智慧。

  以儒家文化为主体的中国传统文化正是“和而不同”、海纳百川的文化心态的历史体现。孔子创立儒家学派,在对传统文化进行全面反思的基础上,提出了“周监于二代,郁郁乎文哉!吾从周”(《论语·八佾》)的文化理想.但是孔子并未一味求“同”于周礼,而是在对三代文化的“损益”、“因革”有着清醒认识的基础上,采取了取其所长、择善而从的态度。整个儒学的发展史也充分体现了这一特征.战国中后期以来,儒攀的所谓的“驳杂不纯”的特征就日渐明显.汉代以后所谓的“独尊”的儒学,也是儒、道、墨、法、阴阳等等诸子思想的结合体。实质上,自汉代开始,阳儒阴法或者说儒显道隐,一直是中国文化发展的特征,而其他诸子学说,也一直是中国传统文化发展的脉脉潜流,从而成为中国文化的不竭源泉。

  文化心态体现为一种社会心态,“和而不同”还表现在中华文化对待外来文化的态度上。汉代以来,随着中国本土道教的产生以及印度佛教的东采,中国逐步形成了儒、释、道三教鼎立以至三教融合的局面。这期间从对立到交融,经过了一个长期过程.后来伊斯兰以及基督教的传入也属于这种情形。自从16世纪末叶以来,中国的传统文化又得以在与异域文化的交锋中实现交融,从而使得中华文化更加丰富并发展。

  “和而不同”的文化心态有助于人们对文化的发展有清醒的认识。全球化使今天的世界文明面临着两个课题:一方面,积极寻找各种文明间深层对话、沟通与理解的文化路径;另一方面,民族性的存在和坚持也同样比以往任何时候都重要和必要。“文化全球一体化”与“文化全球多元化”使文化价值的发展陷入一种悖论之中。中华文明在全球化时代将扮演怎样的角色、起到怎样的作用?“和而不同”就是我们的哲学依据,“寻找现代文明的普遍标志和中华文化的契合点”、高扬“文化自觉”、实现传统文化的“综合创新”,应是我们对待中华文化的理性而现实的态度。

  “和而不同”文化心态的价值追求是“有容乃大”。当今中国的文化建设,既不可避免地要面对数千年形成的传统文明,又要面对高新科技浪潮的冲击和急剧动荡的世界局势。有识之士已经认识到,从“文化自觉”到实现“和而不同”,必须处理好几个“要”和“不要”的问题:诸如:要充满自信,看到中华文化极其丰富的优秀成分,同时要敢于正视中华文化中一些糟粕成分;要自觉吸收外来文化中对我们的文化建设有益的东西,而不能全盘西化等等。这样,才会使我们的新文化既具有浓厚的民族性,又具有高度的智慧性。(原载2011.12.30《光明日报》,有删节)

1.下列有关“和”与“同”的表述有误的一项是(     )

A.作为哲学概念的“和”与“同”早在先秦时期就被提出。其概念之争在西周末年的书籍中早有记载。

B.“和”与“同”在争论之初两者是相对立的,是孔子将其继承和发展,提出了“和而不同”的观点。

C.“和而不同”这一观点的提出本身就遵循了文化继承与发展的规律,体现了“和”与“同”两个概念在争辩中的进步发展。

D.“和”就是承认事物的差异性,在承认差异的基础上寻求统_;“同”就是不顾事物之间的差异一刀切的要求统一。

2.下列不属于“和而不同”文化现象的一项是(     )

A.孔子复周礼,并不是一味的照搬“周礼”,而是对“礼”的内涵不断的充实发展。

B.战国中后期以来的儒家学说存在着“驳杂不纯”的特征,时隐时现的有着其他诸予学说的影子。

C.中国的“儒…‘道”文化之外,吸收了印度佛教的思想,形成三教鼎立乃至融合的局面。

D.伊斯兰教及基督教的产生与发展也受到中华文化的影响,在交锋中实现交融,内容更加丰富。

3.下列不符合原文意思的一项是(     )

A.儒学是中国传统文化的主流思想,但同时它又不排斥其他学说的存在,形成中华文化的繁荣发展。

B.“和而不同”既表现在中华文化自身的发展上,也表现在中华文化对待外来文化的态度上。

C.在全球化时代,“和而不同”的文化心态对如何既保持文化的民族性又让自身的发展融入到全球的发展与文明之中很重要;

D.“和而不同”就是既要充满自信,看到中华文化极其丰富的优秀成分,又要广泛吸收外来文化,丰富自我。