问题 问答题

简述脾脏触诊(双手触诊)

答案

参考答案:

(一)考生站位正确,告知被检查者体位、姿势正确(1分)

被检查者取仰卧位,双腿屈曲,腹部放松,做腹式呼吸,考生站在被检查者右侧(0.5)(如图2-4-18)。

被检者取右侧卧位时,双腿屈曲或右下肢伸直,左下肢屈曲(0.5分)(如图2-4-19)

(二)检查手法正确,动作规范(7分)

1.仰卧位触诊(4分)

考生左手掌置于被检查者左腹部第9~11肋骨处,将其脾从后向前托起(1分),右手掌平放于脐部(1分),右手三指(示、中、环指)伸直并拢,与肋缘大致呈垂直方向(1分),从脐水平开始,配合被检查者腹式呼吸,用示、中指末端桡侧进行触诊,直至触及脾缘或左肋缘(2分)(如图2-4-20、2-4-21)。

2.侧卧位触诊(3分)

考生左手掌置于被检查者左腹部第9~11肋骨处,将其脾脏从腰背部向腹部推(1分),右手三指(示、中、环指)伸直并拢,与肋缘大致呈垂直方向(1分),配合呼吸,用示、中指末端桡侧进行触诊,直至触及脾缘或左肋缘(1分)(如图2-4-22)。

(三)临床上,常将脾肿大分为轻、中、高三度:

深吸气时,脾缘不超过肋下2cm,为轻度肿大;超过2cm至脐水平线以上,为中度肿大;超过脐水平线或前正中线则为高度肿大,即巨脾。能描述以上脾肿大者(1分)(如图2-4-23)。

填空题

How did the Olympic Games start In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had p ________ (1). Originally the Festival was held in honour of .Zeus, the supreme god in Greek Mythology. Eventually the Olympian athletic festival had lost its ________ (2) and became an international event. No one knows exactly ________ (3) the Olympic Games go, but some scholars recorded date from 776 B.C.According to some scholars, at first the only Olympic event was ________ (4), called a stadium and that was the only event until 724 B.C. After that, other ________ (5) were added and sixteen years later in ________ (6) the pentathlon was added and wrestling became part of the games. This pentathlon was a five-event match which ________ (7) running, wrestling, leaping, throwing the discus, and hurling the javelin.The games were held ________ (8) and after an uninterrupted history of 1170 years, the games ________ (9) in A.D. 394, the Christian era, because of their pagan origin.It was over ________ (10) before there was another such international athletics gathering. In 1896, the first of the modern ________ (11) opened in Athens, Greece.Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries ________ (12). The host country provides vast facilities such as stadiums and ________ (13).Many more sports are represented, including the very celebrated event: ________ (14).The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, ________ (15) on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays. The torch is carried by ________ (16) to the stadium. The Olympic flame symbolizes the ________ (17) of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until ________ (18). The well-known Olympic flag, however, is ________ (19): the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents ________ (20).

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