问题 填空题

致冷剂是一种易被压缩、液化气体,液化后在管内循环,蒸发时吸收热量,使环境温度降低,达到致冷目的。人们曾采用过乙醚、NH3、CH3Cl等作致冷剂,但它们不是有毒,就是易燃。于是科学家根据元素性质的递变规律来开发新的致冷剂。据现有知识,某些元素化合物的易燃性、毒性变化趋势如下:

⑴、氢化物的易燃性:第二周期____>___  >H2O>HF;第三周期SiH4>PH3>  ___>___ 

⑵、化合物的毒性:PH3>NH3;H2S>H2O;CS2  ___  CO2;CCl4>CF4(选填“<“>“ =”)。于是科学家们开始把注意力集中在含F、C1的化合物上。

⑶、已知CCl4的沸点为76.8℃,CF4的沸点为-128℃,新的致冷剂的沸点范围应介于其间。经过较长时间反复试验,一种新的致冷剂氟里昂CF2Cl2终于诞生了,与其类似的还可以是 ___________

⑷、然而,这种致冷剂造成了当今的某一环境问题是 ___,但求助于周期表中元素及其化合物的 ______变化趋势来开发致冷剂的科学思维方法是值得借鉴的。(填写字母)

①毒性 ②沸点 ③易燃性 ④水溶性 ⑤颜色

A.①②③

B.②④⑤

C.②③④

答案

⑴、CH4 > NH3 ; H2S > HCl    

⑵、 >  

⑶、CFCl3 或CF3Cl 。   

⑷、破坏臭氧层,形成臭氧空洞; A。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     I come from a city on the United States'east coast. It's a ten-hour flight for me to get home from Shanghai. When I got off the plane, I took photos of the blue sky and white clouds along the way. After two weeks, I

returned to Shanghai. Much to my surprise, the blue sky in Shanghai that I liked before was not as blue as that

in the US. I couldn't help wondering what had happened.

      A few days later, I went to tour Waitan (a famous tourist attraction in Shanghai) by the Huangpu River with some of my friends. There we saw five Ferrari sports cars by the side of the road. The red and yellow cars looked so nice that everyone was looking at them. However, when I turned my head, I noticed the sky over Waitan, I was shocked to find that the buildings in the Lujiazui area on the other side of Huangpu River could hardly be

seen. It was then that I realized that Ferrari cars could be bought with money, but a blue sky couldn't.

     Shanghai is an important economic (经济的) and trade center in China. It has made great contributions (贡献) to the whole nation's economic development. However, we need to protect the environment during

economic growth. Pollution is poisoning our air and our rivers. Without clean air and rivers, how will people be

able to survive?

1. The author mentioned the Ferrari sports cars in order to _____.

A. tell us that Shanghai is a developed city

B. ask us to stop driving sports cars

C. tell us how much people like cars

D. focus our attention on air pollution

2. What can we learn about the author?

A. He comes from Shanghai.

B. He likes to visit different places.

C. He wants to buy a Ferrari sports car.

D. He is socially responsible (责任).

3. Who might be interested in this passage?

A. Those who love Ferrari sports cars.

B. Those who care about the environment.

C. Those who want to travel in Shanghai.

D. Those who like to take photos.

4. What is the best title for this passage?

A. Money Can Buy Ferraris, But Not a Blue Sky

B. Where People Should Live

C. Different Opinions on Cars

D. Different Places Have Different Skies

判断题