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问题 选择题

1950年，东北人民政府规定在大区范围内对煤炭、钢材等多种生产资料统一分配，随后，东北地区计划分配的物资种类逐年增加。从1953年起，计划分配调拨体制开始在全国铺开。这反映了中国计划经济体制

A．是新生国家 * * 的基础

B．随着行政区域的扩大逐步建立

C．是在宪法原则下建立的

D．随着工业化建设的进行而建立

答案

答案：D

题目分析：新生国家 * * 的基础是公有制而不是计划经济体制，所以A错误，计划经济体制的实行与行政区域的大小无关，所以B错误，《中华人民共和国宪法》颁布于1954年，所以C说法错误，计划经济体制的实行是为了满足工业化对资金原料的需求而推行的，所以选D

选择题

据中国档案材料，1950-1953年先后到中国帮助经济建设工作的苏联顾问或专家共计1093人。1958年8月赫鲁晓夫访华，中苏达成协议：在华苏联顾问或撤回，或改为专家，以后将根据中国的需要继续派遣专家。国务院通知“各部门聘请苏联专家必须严格贯彻少而精的原则”。苏联向中国派遣专家1957年有952人，1958年915人，1959年699人，1960年410人。对此理解不准确的是

A．“一五计划”的完成得到苏联的大力帮助

B．中国试图摆脱苏式发展模式

C．反映出中苏分歧越来越严重

D．苏联撤走专家是中国“三年经济困难”的决定性因素
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Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer (1) this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring (2) which information is relevant and (3) is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere (4) arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious (5) the problem is, however, this is not as easy (6) it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices (7) color the facts. Most people tend (8) see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools (9) the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately, (10) , the second step consists (11) considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them (12) and then make a list (13) advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets (14) lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems (15) the past. Although that can be helpful most (16) the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. (17) that case, the mental set must be abandoned, (18) new alternatives must be explored.
After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected (19) among them. One way to avoid becoming mired in the options is (20) try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another (21) the results are unfavorable. This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously (22) the next step—action. The strategy selected must be implemented and tested. If it solves the problem, no further action is necessary, but if (23) , then the cycle begins again, starting (24) problem identification. By continuing to review the problem (25) repeat the problem-solving steps, the solution can be improved upon and refined.
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