问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面一段文言文,完成8一l0题。(9分,每小题3分)

狄人伐邢。管敬仲言于齐侯日:“戎狄豺狼,不可厌也。诸夏亲暱(通:“昵):不可弃

也宴安鸩毒,不可怀也。《诗》云:‘岂不怀归,畏此简书。’简书,同恶相恤之谓也。请救秋八月,公及齐侯盟于落姑,请复季友也。齐侯许之,使召诸陈,公次于郎以待之。

“季子来归”,嘉之也。

冬,齐仲孙湫来省难。书曰:“仲孙”,亦嘉之也。仲孙归日:“不去庆父,鲁难未已。”公日:“若之何而去之?:对曰:“难不已将自毙,君其待之。”公日:“鲁可取乎?”对日:“不可,犹秉周礼。周礼,所以本也。臣闻之,国将亡,本必先颠:而后枝叶从之。鲁不弃周礼,未可动也。君其务宁鲁难而亲之。亲有礼,因重固,间携贰,覆昏乱,霸王之器也。”

(二年)冬十二月,狄人伐卫。卫懿公好鹤,鹤有乘轩者。将战,国人受甲者皆日:“使鹤,鹤实有禄位,余焉能战!”公与石祁子玦,与宁庄子矢,使守,日:“以此赞国,择利而为之。”与夫人绣衣,日:“听于二子。”渠孔御戎,子伯为右,黄夷前驱,孔婴齐殿。及狄战于荧泽,卫师败绩,遂灭卫。卫侯不去其旗,是以甚败。狄人囚史华龙滑与礼孔以逐卫人。二人日:“我,大史也,实掌其祭。不先,国不可得也。”乃先之。至则告守曰:“不可待也。”夜与国人出。狄人入卫,遂从之,又败诸河。

(选自《左传•鲁闵公元年~二年》有删改)

8.下列句中加点词的解释有误的一项是()

A.戎狄豺狼,不可厌也满足

B.宴安鸩毒,不可怀也 怀恋,贪恋

C.以此赞国,择利而为之帮助,辅助

D.公次于郎以待之 差一等的

10.下列对本段文字的分析概括有误的一项是()

A.本文中的齐侯即齐桓公,他在管仲的劝谏下出兵救邢。管仲的语言表现出他的远见卓识。

B.文中有“不去庆父,鲁难未已”,现在也说“庆父不死,鲁难未已”,常用来形容祸根不除,灾难祸患就不会停止。

C.仲孙认为,“礼”是国家的根本,鲁国之所以能顽强生存,是因为它的根本没有动摇。所以他劝齐桓公宁可看着鲁国遭受祸难,等待时机消灭它。

D.卫国灭亡的教训告诉我们,国君骄奢淫逸,耽于享乐,不体恤百姓,得不到国人的支持,国家是不会长久的。

11.将第1卷第三题文言文中划线句译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)诸夏亲暱,不可弃也。(3分)

(2)臣闻之,国将亡,本必先颠,而后枝叶从之。(4分)

(3)若之何而去之?(3分)

答案

8、D

10、C

11.(1)中原各国互相亲近,是不能相互抛弃的。

(2)下臣听说,国家将要灭亡,就像大树,躯干必然先倒,然后枝叶随着落下。

(3)如何才能除掉他?(3分)

8.D(次:驻扎,住)

10.C(“他劝齐桓公宁可看着鲁国遭受祸难,等待时机消灭它”不对,仲孙劝齐桓公

从事于安定鲁国的祸难并且亲近它。对“君其务宁鲁难而亲之”理解不正确)

11、关键词:

(1)3分,“诸夏”“亲暱”译错备扣1分

(2)4分,“本”“颠”译错各扣1分)

文言参考译文:

狄人进攻邢国。管仲对齐桓公说:“戎狄好像豺狼,是不能满足的。中原各国互相亲近,是不能抛弃的。安逸等于毒药,是不能怀恋的。((诗》说:‘难道不想回去,怕的是这个竹简上的军令文字。竹简上的军令文字,就是同仇敌忾而忧惠与共的意思,因此请求您听从书简而救邢国。于是齐国人出兵救援邢国。

这年秋天八月,闵公和齐桓公在落姑结盟,请求齐桓公帮助季友回国。齐桓公同意,派遣人从陈国召回季友,闵公住在郎地等候他。《春秋》记载说“季子来归”,这是赞美他。

冬天,齐国的仲孙湫前来对祸难表示慰问,《春秋》称之为“仲孙”,也是赞美他。

仲孙回国说:“不除掉庆父,鲁国的祸难就没完。”齐桓公说:“如何才能除掉他?”仲孙回答说:“祸难不完将会自取灭亡,您就等着吧!”齐桓公说:“鲁国可以取得吗?”仲孙说:“不行。他们还遵行周礼。周礼,是立国的根本。下臣听说,国家将要灭亡,就像大树,躯干必然先行仆倒,然后枝叶随着落下。鲁国不抛弃周礼,是不能动它的。您应该解除鲁国的祸难并且亲近它。亲近有礼仪的国家,依靠稳定强大的国家,离间内部涣散的国家,灭亡昏暗动乱的国家。这是称王称霸的方法。”

(闵公二年)冬天的十二月,狄人攻打卫国。卫懿公喜欢鹤,他养的鹤有坐大夫车子的。卫军要跟狄人作战了,拿武器的人都说:“派鹤去!鹤实际上享有俸禄官位,我们没有禄位哪里能作战?”卫懿公把玉佩交给石祁子,把箭交给宁庄子,派他们防守,说:“用这种东西帮助国家,选择有利的去做。”懿公又把绣衣交给夫人,说:“听从石祁子和宁庄子他们两人的。”渠孔为卫懿公驾着战车,子伯做车右,黄夷做前驱,孔婴做殿军。和狄人在荧泽交战,卫军被打败。狄人便灭掉了卫国。在作战中,卫懿公不肯丢掉自己的旗帜,狄人便以他为攻击目标,所以惨败。狄人囚禁了史官华龙滑和礼孔,带领他们去追击卫军。这两个人说:“我们是卫国的太史之官,掌管祭祀。不让我们先回去你们就得不到卫国的国都。”于是让他们两人先回去了。他们到了国都,告诉守城的人说:“不能再抵御了。”他们在夜里跟国都城内的人都出城逃走。狄人攻进卫国国都,紧跟着追击卫军。又在黄河边上打败了卫军。

单项选择题
单项选择题

In 1880, Sir Joshua Waddilove, a Victorian philanthropist, founded Provident Financial to provide affordable loans to working-class families in and around Bradford, in northern England. This month his company, now one of Britain’s leading providers of "home credit"— small, short-term, unsecured loans—began the nationwide rollout of Vanquis, a credit card aimed at people that mainstream lenders shun. The card offers up to £ 200 ($ 380) of credit, at a price: for the riskiest customers, the annual interest rate will be 69%.

Provident says that the typical interest rate is closer to 50% and that it charges no fees for late payments or breaching credit limits. Still, that is triple the rate on regular credit cards and far above the 30% charged by store cards. And the Vanquis card is being launched just when Britain’s politicians and media are full of worry about soaring consumer debt. Last month, a man took his own life after running up debts of £ 130000 on 22 different credit cards.

Credit cards for "sub-prime" borrowers, as the industry delicately calls those with poor credit records, are new in Britain but have been common in America for a while. Lenders began issuing them when the prime market became saturated, prompting them to look for new sources of profit. Even in America, the sub-prime market has plenty of room for growth. David Robertson of the Nilson Report, a trade magazine, reckons that outstanding sub-prime credit-card debt accounts for only 3% of the $ 597 billion that Americans owe on plastic. The sub-prime sector grew by 7.9% last year, compared with only 2.6% for the industry as a whole.

You might wonder, though, how companies can make money from lending to customers they know to be bad risks—or at any rate, how they can do it legitimately. Whereas delinquencies in the credit-card industry as a whole are around 4%-5% , those in the sub-prime market are almost twice as high, and can reach 15% in hard times.

Obviously, issuers charge higher interest rates to compensate them for the higher risk of not being repaid. And all across the credit-card industry, the assessment and pricing of risks has been getting more and more refined, thanks largely to advances in technology and data processing. Companies also use sophisticated computer programs to track slower payment or other signs of increased risk. Sub-prime issuers pay as much attention to collecting debt as to managing risk; they impose extra charges, such as application fees; and they cap their potential losses by lending only small amounts ($ 500 is a typical credit limit).All this is easier to describe than to do, especially when the economy slows. After the bursting of the technology bubble in 2000, several sub-prime credit-card providers failed. Now there are only around 100, of which nine issue credit cards. Survivors such as Metris and Providian, two of the bigger sub-prime card companies, have become choosier about their customers’ credit histories. As the economy recovered, so did lenders’ fortunes. Fitch, a rating agency, says that the proportion of sub-prime credit-card borrowers who are more than 60 days in arrears (a good predictor of eventual default) is the lowest since November 2001. But with American interest rates rising again, some worry about another squeeze. As Fitch’s Michael Dean points out, sub-prime borrowers tend to have not just higher-rate credit cards, but dearer auto loans and variable-rate mortgages as well. That makes a risky business even riskier.

Vanquis is different from regular cards in that()

A. it charges its users no fees at all

B. it leads to a decrease in consumer debt

C. it leads to an increase in consumer debt

D. it charges its users higher interest rates