问题 综合题

(20分)阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 中国早期民族资本主义企业

地点创办人企业名称
上海方举赞发昌机器厂
南海陈启源继昌隆缫丝厂
天津朱其昂贻来牟机器磨坊
材料二 中国民族资本主义企业变化曲线图

材料三 华商在上海创办了六家丝厂,资本总额120万元,而同一时期,法国商人在上海开办的宝昌丝厂一家就有资本110万元,接近上海六家华商丝厂资本的总和。

发昌机器厂制造小火轮船时虽然“俱用华人”,但是自身的技术力量还很薄弱,“发动机系英国制造”。到80年代,受外商企业的排挤,发昌机器厂日趋衰落。后来,它被英商在上海开办的耶松船厂吞并。

——《中国近代现代史资料选编》

(1)根据材料一,指出民族资本主义企业其分布具有什么特点?(2分)根据材料二和所学知识,指出民族资本主义发展出现的最高峰的原因是什么?(8分)

(2)根据材料三,概括民族资本主义企业具有哪些特点?(6分)导致其发展困难的社会根源是什么?(4分)

答案

(1)分布特点:多分布在我国东南沿海地区。(2分)原因:①辛亥革命推翻了封建专制统治,为中国资本主义的发展,扫除了一些-上的束缚和障碍。②辛亥革命前后,群众性的反帝爱国斗争有力地推动了民族资本主义的发展;③资产阶级大力提倡“实业救国”,大大刺激了国人投资近代企业的热情。④第一次世界大战的爆发从外部为中国民族工业发展提供了一个有利的时机。(8分)

(2)特点:资金少、规模小、技术力量薄弱。(6分)社会根源:由半殖民地半封建社会性质决定。(4分)

题目分析:⑴本题主要考查学生准确获取信息的能力。发昌机器厂在上海,继昌隆缫丝厂在南海,贻来牟机器磨坊在天津,可知当时民族工业主要分布在东南沿海。

本题主要考查学生运用所学知识解决问题的能力。从图片的时间横轴可以看出,民族工业最高峰大约在1912——1918年之间,这主要和这一时期发生的国内外重大事件有关。辛亥革命、提倡国货运动、实业救国思潮、第一次世界大战都为民族工业的发展提供了有力的条件。

⑵本题主要考查学生的概括历史现象能力。根据“法国商人在上海开办的宝昌丝厂一家就有资本110万元,接近上海六家华商丝厂资本的总和,”可以概括出来民族工业的资金少,规模小;根据“发昌机器厂制造小火轮船时……但是自身的技术力量还很薄弱”,可以概括出来,民族工业技术薄弱。

本题主要考查学生分析历史现象的能力。从材料三可以看出法国宝昌丝厂资本雄厚、规模能够很大,从发昌机器厂被英国耶松船厂吞并,可以反映出民族工业发展非常艰难,阻碍的因素是外国资本的侵略,这主要和当时的半殖民地半封建社会性质有关。

阅读理解

One Sunday a few of us decided to take advantage of the first sunny day we’d have for ages to take a trip down to the coast to visit the penguins again. Last time I went down there was a couple of months ago and it was a dull cold day. Sunday couldn’t have been more different — clear skies and sunshine made it feel like summer, although it was still -25°C.

Six of us drove to the coast. It was the first time we’d been off the base on our own without our field assistant, so it had a slightly different feeling — more like a few friends going to the seaside than an Antarctic field trip! When we reached Windy Creek, we luckily caught sight of quite a few small flying seabirds, which are seldom seen there.

Once on the sea ice we found that some of the more curious penguins had wandered over from the main group to come and check us out. We’d been told that then they were nursing their chicks (刚孵出的幼雏) and they would be more careful and nervous than last time, but that didn’t seem to be the case. We walked across to the main group which were stretched for a couple of miles along the coast. We sat down for some sandwiches and soon found ourselves surrounded by many curious observers. Without any attackers on land, they were very brave and came within a meter of us to pose (摆姿势) for photos.

Before heading back, we spent a few hours on the sea ice watching the penguins and their chicks, which had grown dramatically (明显地) since our last visit. It was such a nice day.

小题1:

When did the trip most probably happen?

A.On a dull Sunday.

B.On a warm Sunday.

C.On a summer Sunday.

D.On a winter Sunday.小题2:

It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the six people _____.

A.felt a little nervous

B.felt a little excited

C.were left all by themselves on their Antarctic base

D.got bored with staying with their field assistant小题3:

What does the writer mean by saying “but that didn’t seem to be the case”?

A.They were told a lie.

B.A wrong decision was made.

C.The truth was the opposite.

D.They didn’t believe what they were told.小题4:

The six people did the following during the trip EXCEPT _____.

A.feed the penguins

B.take pictures of the penguins

C.enjoy watching flying seabirds

D.watch the young penguins

单项选择题 A型题