问题 阅读理解与欣赏

秦纮(hóng),字世缨,单人。景泰二年进士。授南京御史。劾治内官傅锁儿罪。谏止江南采翠毛、鱼鹏(pì)等使。权贵忌之,蜚语闻。会考察。坐谪湖广驿丞。

天顺初,以御史练纲荐,迁雄县知县。奉御杜坚捕天鹅暴横。统执杖其从者,坐下诏狱。民五千诣阙讼,乃调知府谷。宪宗即位,迁葭州知州,调秦州。母丧去官,州人乞借纮,服阕还故任。寻擢巩昌知府,改西安,迁陕西右参政。岷州番乱,提兵三千破之,进俸一级。

成化十三年擢右佥都御史,巡抚山西,奏镇国 * * 奇涧等罪。奇涧父庆成王钟镒为奏辩,且诬纮。帝重违王意,逮骇下法司治。事皆无验,而内官尚亨籍纮家,以爵得敝衣数事奏。帝叹曰:“统贫一至此耶?”赐钞万贯旌之。于是夺奇涧等三人爵,王亦削禄三之一,而改纮抚河南。寻复调宣府。

小王子数万骑寇大同,长驱入顺圣川,掠宣府境。统与总兵官周玉等邀击,遁去。寻入掠兴宁口,连战却之,追还所掠,玺书劳焉。未几,召还理院事,迁户部右侍郎。

弘治二年三月进右都御史,总督两广军务。奏言:“中官、武将总镇两广者,率纵私人扰商贾,高居私家。擅理公事,贼杀不辜,交通土官为 * * 利。而天下镇守官皆得擅执军职,受民讼,非制,请严禁绝。总镇府故有赏功所,岁储金钱数万,费出无经,宜从都御史勾稽。广、潮、南、韶多盗,当设社学,编保甲,以绝盗源。”帝悉从其请。恩城知州岑钦攻逐田州知府岑溥,与泗城知州岑应分据其地。纮入田州逐走钦,还溥于府,留官军戍之,乱遂定。

统之初莅镇也,劾新总兵官安远侯柳景贪暴,逮下狱。景亦讦纮,勘无左证。法司当景死。景连姻周太后家,有奥援,讦纮不已。诏并逮纮,廷鞫,卒无罪。诏宥景死,夺爵闲住,而纮亦罢归

(《明史·秦纮传》,有删改)

【注】①小王子,指当时鞑靼族小王子 ②鞫,音jú,审问犯人。

9.对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是( )

A.内官尚亨籍纮家  籍:登记

B.宜从都御史勾稽  稽:考证

C.交通土官为 * * 利  交通:沟通,交流

D.法司当景死  当:判罪

10.下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法相同的一项是 ( )

A.①奇涧父庆成王钟镒为奏辩,且诬紘 ②不者,若属皆且为所虏

B.①连战却之,追还所掠,玺书劳焉  ②然郑亡,子亦有不利焉

C.①紘人田州逐走钦,还溥于府②此非孟德之困于周郎者乎

D.①紘之初莅镇也,劾总兵官安远侯柳景暴 ②师道之不传也久矣

11.下列六句话,全都表现秦纮刚正果敢的一组是( )

①母丧去官,州人乞借统,服阕还故任。 ②内官尚亨纮生家,以所得敝衣数事奏。③岷州番乱,提兵三千破之。 ④纮入田州逐走钦,还溥于府。⑤劾总兵官安远侯柳景贪暴。 ⑥景连姻周太后家,有奥援。

A.②③④ B.①③⑤ C.①②⑥ D.③④⑤

12.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是( )

A.秦纮上书朝廷,诤诤直言,弹劾太监宫廷官员随意收罗江南珍贵特产。受到宫廷权贵的忌恨,被贬为湖广驿丞。

B.太监杜坚奉旨捕天鹅,在雄县恣意骚扰,残暴横行,不惧杜坚官高势大,把他捉住打了一顿,皇帝下沼将秦纮治罪。雄县百姓愤报不平,皇帝最后调秦绂为府谷知县。

C.秦纮上奏镇国 * * 奇涧的罪恶,奇涧的父亲庆成王钟镒在皇帝面前为其儿子辩护。皇帝为照顾庆成王的面子,竟把秦纮逮捕入狱,并派人查抄他的家产。

D.两广总兵安远侯柳景和周太后有姻亲关系,蛮横不法,贪财残暴,秦绂将其囚禁,问成死罪。但皇帝为了照顾太后的面子,仅仅削去了柳景的爵位。

13.把文言文阅读材料中划线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)奉御杜坚捕天鹅暴横,绒执杖其从者,坐下诏狱。

译文:

(2)而天下镇守官皆得擅执军职,受民讼,非制,请严禁绝。

译文: 

(3)诏宥景死,夺爵闲住,而纮亦罢归。

译文: 

答案

9、C

10、D

11、D

12、B

13、(1)杜坚奉旨捕天鹅,在雄县残暴横行,秦纮捉拿并杖责了他的随从,(秦纮)也因为这件事被皇帝颁诏下狱治罪。(2)假如全国的镇守官员都能够任意利用(超出)军队职责,受理酉姓诉讼,这是不合乎礼制(或:法制)的,请求严加禁绝。 (3)皇帝下诏宽恕柳景死罪,削去他的官爵,让他在家闲居,秦纮也因此被罢官回家。

9、C ( 交通:暗中勾结)

10、D (A项,①连词,表递进;②副词,将要。B项,①代词,他们;②句末语气词。C项,①介词,到;②介词,表被动。D项,①②都为语气词,在句中表停顿)

11、D (①得民心。②表清廉。⑥说的是柳景)

12、B (秦纮把杜坚的随从捉住打了一顿)

13、(1)杜坚奉旨捕天鹅,在雄县残暴横行,秦纮捉拿并杖责了他的随从,(秦纮)也因为这件事被皇帝颁诏下狱治罪。(2)假如全国的镇守官员都能够任意利用(超出)军队职责,受理酉姓诉讼,这是不合乎礼制(或:法制)的,请求严加禁绝。 (3)皇帝下诏宽恕柳景死罪,削去他的官爵,让他在家闲居,秦纮也因此被罢官回家。

参考译文:

秦纮,字世缨,单县人。景泰二年中进士,授为南京御史。他弹劾惩治太监傅锁儿的罪行,进谏言阻止宫廷官员到江南收罗翠毛、鱼鹏等珍贵特产。因此宫廷权贵忌恨他,流言蜚语四处传播。适逢朝廷考核审察官员,(秦纮)因为这个罪名被贬为湖广驿丞。

天顺初年,因为御史练纲的举荐,(秦纮)被提拔为雄县知县。杜坚奉旨捕天鹅,在雄县残暴横行,秦纮捉拿并杖责了他的随从,(秦纮)也因为这件事被皇帝颁诏下狱治罪。雄县百姓五千人到京城状告杜坚,于是调任秦纮为府谷知县。宪宗即皇帝位后,秦纮升任葭州知州,后调任秦州知州。因母丧离职,州里百姓请求朝廷能让秦纮再来此地做官,服丧期满后回来仍任旧职。不久,(秦纮)被提升为巩昌知府,改任西安,又调任陕西右参政。岷州的番民发生叛乱,秦纮率三千精兵平定了他们,被提了一级俸禄。

成化十三年,(秦纮)被提升做了右佥都御史,巡抚山西。他上奏镇国 * * 奇涧等的罪恶,奇涧的父亲庆成王钟镒在皇帝面前替儿子辩护,并且编造罪名诬陷秦纮。黄帝不愿驳庆成王的面子,把秦纮逮捕入狱,交法司治罪。钟镒诬告的事都毫无根据,太监尚亨奉旨查抄秦纮家,拿抄到的几件破旧衣服向朝廷奏报。皇帝感慨地说:“秦纮家里竞贫穷到这个样子呀!”赐钞万贯表彰他。于是削去奇涧等三人的爵位,庆成王也被削去三分之一的俸禄,而改任秦纮巡抚河南。不久又调任宣化卫巡抚。

鞑靼族小王子率领数万骑兵进犯大同,长驱直入顺圣川,占领宣化全境。秦纮和总兵周玉等协同作战,小王子逃走,不久又进犯兴宁口,秦纮接连打退了小王子的进攻,夺回被抢去的财物,收复失地,皇帝发文告慰劳他们。不久,召回理院事,升任户部右侍朗。

弘治二年三月升任右都御史,监督两广的军事事务。秦纮上奏章说:“镇守两广的太监、武将,大都纵容部下扰乱商家,中饱私囊。擅自处理公事,杀害无辜百姓,与当地官员相勾结,谋取私利。假如全国的镇守官员都能够任意利用(超出)军队职责,受理百姓诉讼,这是不合乎礼制的,请求严加禁绝。总镇守府原先有赏功所得,每年积下的金钱数万,经费支出缺少审批,应该由都御史查考审计。广州、潮州、南州、韶州多有盗贼,应该设立社学,采取保甲制,来杜绝产生盗贼的源头。”皇帝全部听从了他的奏请。恩城知州岑钦攻打并驱逐了田州知府岑溥,和泗城知州岑应瓜分占据了岑溥的地盘。秦纮到田州赶跑岑钦,使岑溥回到府中,并留下官军戍守田州,争乱于是平定下来。

秦纮开始到任的时候,(上奏)弹劾总兵安远侯柳景贪财残暴,将他逮捕囚禁。柳景也反诬告秦纮,(结果)审理柳荣所告全无证据,法司判处柳景死罪。柳景和周太后家是姻亲关系,有这样深厚的后台,柳景不断罗织罪名,诬陷秦纮。皇帝下诏一并逮捕秦纮,并亲自当廷审问,最终也没有发现秦纮有罪。皇帝下诏宽恕柳景死罪,削去他的官爵,让他在家中闲居,秦纮也因此被罢官回家。

阅读理解

Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.

Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda(大熊猫)eats only one particular type of bamboo(竹子). Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly(蝴蝶)will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet(多样化饮食). The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.

Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.

小题1:We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.

A.depend on one sense in choosing food

B. are not satisfied with their food

C.choose food in similar ways

D.eat entirely different food小题2:Which of the following eats only one type of food?

A.The white butterfly.

B.The small bird.

C.The bear.

D.The fox.小题3: Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.

A.the season changes

B.the food color changes

C.they move to different places

D.they are attracted by different smells小题4:We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.

A.food is chosen for a good reason

B.French and British food is good

C.some people have few choices of food

D.some people care little about healthy diet

单项选择题