问题 阅读理解

阅读理解。

     When Julia Samberg eats her favorite food, she feels bad. She knows that chocolate can have a lot of fat

and sugar. But Julia says she loves chocolate so much-once she starts eating it, she can't stop.

     Julia isn't the only one who loves chocolate. It is a favorite food for people all over the world. People prefer

chocolate over ice cream, cakes, and cookies.

     The idea of eating chocolate didn't begin until the 19th century. Before that, people drank chocolate. The

habit began in Central America where the Aztecs drank bowls of chocolate to stay watchful. When the liquid

(液体) chocolate was brought to Spain in the 1500s, people thought it was medicine because it had a medicine

taste. In fact, the people who made chocolate into drinks were doctors.

     Then people discovered that mixing chocolate with sugar made a wonderful drink. King Ferdinand of Spain

loved this drink so much that he put out an order: anyone who talked about chocolate outside the court (法庭)

would be killed. For about 100 years, chocolate was a secret in Spain.

     Finally, people found out about chocolate, and it became a popular drink in Europe. Later, the Swiss mixed

milk and chocolate. Today, most Americans prefer milk chocolate, while most Europeans prefer dark chocolate.

     New research shows that chocolate is actually good for us." Chocolate has different kinds of vitamins,"

says a researcher in France." It has more than 300 different chemicals. One chemical works on the part of the

brain (大脑) that feels pleasure. People who feel good when they eat chocolate are actually healthier. Feeling

pleasure is important for health and can protect against illness."" Good chocolate doesn't have much fat or

sugar. You can enjoy it if you eat a little at a time!" says Tara Bearish, another chocolate lover.

1. _______    Doctors made chocolate into drinks.                         

         1         The Aztecs drank chocolate to stay watchful.               

2. _______    Chocolate was a secret in Spain for 100 years.             

3. _______    Liquid chocolate was brought to Spain from Central America.

4. _______     Sugar was mixed with chocolate to make a sweet drink.       

         7           Research has shown that chocolate is good for us.          

5. _______    The Swiss put milk into the chocolate mixture.             

答案

1-5      3, 1, 5, 2, 4, 7, 6 (包含已给出的1和7的答案序号)

问答题 论述题

背景: 

广州市一造价工程师h接受本市某机电安装总承包企业g的委托对企业在当地投标的一项工程进行工程量清单计价进行审核。 

企业提供了该工程的工程量清单和一套完整的施工图纸以及招标文件中关于工程量计算规则及清单项目编制规划,其中有一项规定是:清单内所列工程量允许按施工图实际工程量调整。 

已知某分项工程量为a=50,单位t。人工费用单价为b=1000元/t,材料费单价为c=5000元/t,机械费为d=15000元。间接费率为10%,利润率为6%,风险费率为间接费的5%,税率为3.41%。间接费和利润的计费基数为人工费。 

对该工程b企业经过分析后发现虽然这个项目的工程承包难度较大,但总报价基本确定后,通过调整内部各个项目的报价,以期既不提高总报价、不影响中标。 

又能在结算时得到较理想的经济效益。中标后的盈利也丰厚。g单位经过精心准备,参与了投标并最终中标。

问题: 1)投标企业提供的工程量清单是企业自己编制的吗?招投标单位应如何对待这份清单,为什么?(项目管理p.266) 2)按工程量报价套用有哪些方法?上述工程应用哪种方法计价?(管理实务p.206) 3)a通过详细的审核后认定该清单所列工程量与施工图相比有两项工程量误差很大,a取得投标企业的同意后按施工图的实际工程量修改了工程量清单,并提出按修改后的工程量清单投标报价,这种做法合适吗?(补充内容) 4)招标单位在评标时采用的是两阶段评标方法,应怎样进行?有什么好处?(补充内容) 5)计算分部分项工程费用,该项费用应填入哪张清单?该清单的“合计”费用应填入哪张表格?(管理实务p.207) 6)b企业在投标的策略上采取的是何种策略?为什么?在确定投标策略时应综合考虑哪些因素?在项目的资金使用控制方面要注意的关键环节是什么?

问答题 简答题