问题 问答题 简答题

孙某某,男,44岁,市场部经理,因饮酒后腹痛伴呕吐33小时而来医院就诊。疼痛呈持续性刀割样,阵发性加重,且向腰部呈带状放射,稍进食后则疼痛更剧烈。呕吐一次,为食物残渣。中度发热,给予解痉药疼痛无减轻。既往胆囊炎胆石症史,平时进食油腻或饮酒后有上腹部疼痛发作。体形肥胖,心率110次/分,律齐。腹部检查:腹壁明显紧张,上中腹部压痛明显,有反跳痛,肝脏肋下未及,墨菲氏征阳性,移动性浊音阳性。

实验室及辅助检查:血常规示:WBC18.8×109/L,肝肾功能:ALT120U/L,AST90U/L,ALP210U/L,总胆红素36μmol/l,直接胆红素14μmol/l。血尿淀粉酶明显升高。正铁血白蛋白阳性。腹部CT示胰体积增大,周边渗出境界不清,腹腔内有积液,不排除胰腺炎的可能。B超示胆囊炎,胆石症,胰腺肿大渗出。问题:

以该病例为例来叙述如何进行诊断思维。

答案

参考答案:

我们应结合病人的一般情况及病史,抓住病人的症状和体征,进行诊断和鉴别诊断。

如利用“一元论”的原则,因同时发胆囊炎、胰腺炎的概率较小,故考虑时一种疾病引起另一种疾病。

利用疾病谱和发病率优先诊断的原则,因为患者为市场部经理,此类人为肝胆疾病的高发人群等。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals (1) they, too, relied’upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans (2) a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating (3) of a disease or (4) the condition of a wound. (5) there was so much that primitive humans did not (6) the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component ofthe beliefs about the causes and cures of heath (7) Therefore it is not (8) that early humans thought that illness was caused (9) evil spirit. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to (10) harmful spirit from a diseased body.

One of the. earliest (11) in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and (12) of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. The writing (13) to him has provided a number of principles underiying modern medical practice. One of his most famous (14) , the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics.

Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from a (15) of the natural science and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this (16) thesis, On Air, Water, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human well-being is (17) by the totality of environmental (18) : living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and food. (19) enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are (20) very much written in twentieth century.

1()

A.in that

B.now that

C.because

D.so that