问题 综合题

(15分)【历史上重大改革回眸】 

材料一 “这一生财之道既经开辟,政府就不愿意继续铸造铜钱,以免和法币(大明宝钞)发生竞争。”但洪武皇帝一味凭借皇权和利刃大量发行宝钞,其结果是宝钞最后变成废纸。宝钞不能作为承载经济发展的货币,“再度感到铸钱的必要,但许多问题又随之产生。官方没有充分的现金收入,只能少量鼓铸,而所铸成的铜钱又欠美观和整饬,其后果只能为私铸大开方便之门”。

——黄仁宇《万历十五年》

材料二  1935年11月3日,国民政府财政部《施行法币布告》(节选)

一、自本年11月4日起,以中央、中国、交通三银行所发行之钞票定为法币,所有完粮纳税及一切公私款项之收付,概以法币为限,不得行使现金,违者全数没收,以防白银之偷漏。

四、凡银钱行号商店及其他公私机关或个人,持有银本位币或其他银币生银等类者,应自11月4日起,交由发行准备管理委员会或其指定之银行,兑换法币。除银本位币按照面额兑换法币外,其余银类,各依其实含纯银数量兑换。

六、为使法币对外汇价按照目前价格稳定起见,应由中央、中国、交通三行无限制买卖外汇。

——魏宏运主编《中国现代史资料选编》

(1)根据材料一,指出明朝纸钞发行带来的后果。(4分)

(2)根据材料二,概括国民政府的货币改革政策内容,结合所学知识简述其对中国经济发展产生的积极作用。(9分)综合以上材料,谈谈你对货币发行的认识。(2分)

答案

(1)后果:明政府纸钞信用降低;为私铸铜钱开了方便之门。(4分,若答出“使白银成为主要流通货币”亦可给分)

(2)政策内容:集中钞票发行权;废除银本位制;法币与外汇挂钩。(3分)

积极作用:法币改革加速了中国货币体系现代化,有利于融入世界经济体系,促进中国的对外贸易发展,对防止白银外流,稳定金融市场有一定积极作用。(6分)

认识:货币的发行直接关系国计民生,适时的货币政策有利于经济和社会的发展,等等。(2分,言之有理即可)

题目分析:⑴依据材料中“大量发行宝钞”、“ 宝钞最后变成废纸”、“ 铜钱又欠美观和整饬”等处可以看出当时宝钞发行的主要后果是:政府大量发行纸钞,从而导致信用降低;政府所铸铜钱质地不好,又为私铸铜钱开了方便之门。

⑵根据材料二中“不得行使现金,违者全数没收”、“ 交由发行准备管理委员会或其指定之银行”、“由中央、中国、交通三行无限制买卖外汇”几处信息将改革内容概括为:集中钞票发行权;废除银本位制;法币与外汇挂钩。积极作用则可以联系改革前后中国近代经济发展的史实表述为加速了中国货币体系现代化,有利于融入世界经济体系,促进中国的对外贸易发展,对防止白银外流,稳定金融市场等方面;第三问谈认识,则属于主观开放性试题,只要紧扣材料,表述合理即可。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     More Chinese are seeking out the surgeon's knife to improve their looks. Yet the tragic death of the

former Super Girl Wang Bei has made people aware of the risks of cosmetic surgery, which is becoming

increasingly popular.  Wang Bei,24,is said to have gone under the knife in Wuhan, to jump-start her

stage-show career. It seems that the ambitious singer has finally achieved the fame and influence after her

death.

    For years Miss Lu expected a plastic surgery to make her jaw fashionable narrow and her face smaller. She finally decided against it after hearing of the death of Wang Bei. "Wang Bei's death rang the warning

bell for me,"Miss Lu said in her blog." It was frightening and I gave up the plan. "

    A common thread of online discussion is why someone considered beautiful was so dissatisfied with

her looks. Some netizens said Wang was a victim of society's impractical standard of beauty:double

eyelids,and the pointed chin typical of Western actresses. Others said her death indicated the limits to

which people would go to achieve fame and fortune.

    Last year 15 billion yuan was spent on cosmetic surgery and the figure is expected to rise  20%

annually. The International Society of Plastic Surgery ranks China first in Asia in terms of the number of

cosmetic surgeries in 2009. Worldwide, China is third, after Brazil, while the United States is first.

    Nowadays,people are living longer and better. But the effect of aging off their appearance affects their

mood and confidence. Many older women want to look young and beautiful. Young people, on the other

hand, see cosmetic surgery as the key to wealth and love. "They want to improve their appearance to find better opportunities at work and in marriage," says a famous plastic surgeon. "We're living in a highly

competitive society. People regard appearance as a weapon in life battle. Those who are young and

naturally good-looking tell me,'I don't care how much I spend. Just make me look more beautiful.' "

    Advice from a surgeon and psychologist:

    1.Choose regular, qualified hospitals with a good reputation.

    2.Try to find an expert surgeon who will not suggest several operations over time.

    3.Don't expect too much from changing your appearance. Safety should be the first.

    4.Have a realistic understanding of the risks of the surgery (death,injury and failure)and make a balanced decision.

1. What's the influence of Wang Bei's death on the public?

A. People will feel alarmed at cosmetic surgery.

B. Young people will have no interest in beauty.

C. Doctors will be afraid to perform operations.

D. No one will dream of becoming a Super Girl.

2. It is mentioned in the passage that________. 

A. Miss Lu's face is narrow and small

B. Wang Bei is a victim of the Internet

C. all Westerners have the pointed chin

D. the US ranks first in cosmetic surgery

3. What's the main idea of the 5th paragraph?

A. People are living 1onger and better nowadays.

B. People are living in a highly competitive society.

C. Social competition leads females to seek beauty.

D. Cosmetic surgery is the key to wealth and love.

4. According to a surgeon and psychologist,it is better to________.

A. change your appearance sooner

B. make a reasonable decision

C. do several operations over time

D. try some different hospitals

单项选择题