问题 问答题 简答题

试述肝昏迷营养治疗目的和膳食治疗原则。

答案

参考答案:

肝昏迷营养治疗的目的是控制蛋白质的摄入,减少体内氨的产生,减轻肝昏迷的症状。膳食治疗总的原则是采用高碳水化合物、高维生素、低脂肪、低蛋白、低盐或无盐膳食,要求:

(1)热量充足,每日热能不少于6.7MJ(1600kcal),能进食者给予高碳水化合物饮食,选用精细粮食和含纤维少的水果、葡萄糖、果酱、果汁等。

(2)严格控制蛋白质摄入,特别是产氨多的肉类和蛋类、乳类等,完全昏迷者应禁用。病情好转每日限15~20g,未昏迷者每2~4天增加10~20g,不超过30g。可选用产氨少的植物性蛋白质,如豆浆、豆腐等,病情好转且稳定时可选少量动物性蛋白质。

(3)脂肪不宜过高,如能耐受不必限得过严。

(4)补充维生素和无机盐,如维生素C、维生素B2、维生素K、钙、铁。

(5)食物应细软烂,有食管静脉曲张者应禁用坚硬带刺的鱼肉、鸡等食物,禁食粗糙和纤维多的食物。

选择题
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One day a few years ago, a very funny thing happened to a neighbor of mine. He is a teacher at one of London's big medical schools. He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture.

He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag , and he had put Rupert, the skeleton (人体骨架)to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase. At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop.

When he got back, he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert.

小题1:Who wrote the story?

A.Rupert's teacher.

B.The neighbor's teacher.

C.A medical school teacher.

D.The teacher's neighbor.小题2:Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase?

A.He needed it for the summer term in London.

B.He needed it for the lecture he was going to give.

C.He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research.

D.He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching.小题3:What happened at the airport?

A.The skeleton went missing.

B.The skeleton was stolen.

C.The teacher forgot his suitcase.

D.The teacher took the wrong suitcase.小题4:Which of the following best tells the teacher's feeling about the incident?

A.He was angry.

B.He thinks it very funny.

C.He feels helpless without Rupert.

D.He feels good without Rupert.小题5:Which of the following might have happened afterwards?

A.The teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert.

B.The teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert.

C.The teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase.

D.The teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert.