问题 填空题

目前,化石燃料是人类生产、生活中使用的主要能源。随着全球能源需求量的增长,化石燃料等不可再生能源将日趋枯竭。世界各国人民的节能意识也日趋增强,科学家也正在开发新能源,研制节能产品,提高化学能的转化效率等方面积极努力地探索着。请你完成下列各题:

(1)有待继续开发、利用的能源有:                                                   (答出两条即可)。

(2)用化学方程式表示出两个由化学能转化为热能的例子:

                                                               

                                                               

(3)生产、生活中存在着化学能和电能的相互转化,请你分别各举一例。

①由化学能转化为电能:                                            

②由电能转化为化学能:                                            

(4)氢气具有热值高,且       的特点,因此被认为是最清洁的燃料。

答案

(1)太阳能、风能(或地热能、核能、生物能、波浪能等)

(2)①C+O2CO2  ②CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2

(3)①干电池、蓄电池的使用等  ②给电池充电、电解水等

(4)燃烧后生成水,无污染

有待开发利用的能源很多,有核能、地热能、太阳能、潮汐能等;凡是化学反应的过程中释放能量的都是由化学能转化为热能;电池放电过程中是化学能转化为电能;电解水、给蓄电池充电是电能转化为化学能;氢气燃烧产物为水,对环境无污染,被认为是最清洁的燃料。

单项选择题


PASSAGE 1
To Err Is Human
by Lewis Thomas
Everyone must have had at least one personal experience with a computer error by this time. Bank balances are suddenly reported to have jumped from $379 into the millions, appeals for charitable contributions are mailed over and over to people with crazy sounding names at your address, department stores send the wrong bills, utility companies write that they’re turning everything off, that sort of thing. If you manage to get in touch with someone and complain, you then get instantaneously typed, guilty letters from the same computer, saying, "Our computer was in error, and an adjustment is being made in your account."
These are supposed to be the sheerest, blindest accidents. Mistakes are not believed to be the normal behavior of a good machine. If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error, the result of fingering, tampering a button getting stuck, someone hitting the wrong key. The computer, at its normal best, is infallible.
I wonder whether this can be true. After all, the whole point of computers is that they represent an extension of the human brain, vastly improved upon but nonetheless human, superhuman maybe. A good computer can think clearly and quickly enough to beat you at chess, and some of them have even been programmed to write obscure verse. They can do anything we can do, and more besides.
It is not yet known whether a computer has its own consciousness, and it would be hard to find out about this. When you walk into one of those great halls now built for the huge machines, and standing listening, it is easy to imagine that the faint, distant noises are the sound of thinking, and the turning of the spools gives them the look of wild creatures rolling their eyes in the effort to concentrate, choking with information. But real thinking, and dreaming, are other matters. On the other hand, the evidence of something like an unconscious, equivalent to ours, are all around, in every mail. As extensions of the human brain, they have been constructed the same property of error, spontaneous, uncontrolled, and rich in possibilities.

The rhetoric the author employed in writing the third paragraph, especially the sentence "A good computer can think clearly and quickly enough to beat you at chess..." is usually referred to in writing as

A.climax.

B.personification.

C.hyperbole.

D.onomatopoeia.

单项选择题