问题 阅读理解

We can make mistakes at any age.Some mistakes we make are about money.But most mistakes are about people.One might say, "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?" "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad.

Why do we go wrong about our friends? Sometimes what people want to say hides their real meaning.And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You're a lucky dog." Is he really on your side? If he says, "You are a lucky guy", that's being friendly.But if he says "a lucky dog", there's a bit of envy in those words.Maybe he doesn't see it himself.But he puts you down a little if he brings in the "dog".What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for" is another noise that says one thing and means another.It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole.But is he trying to? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important.It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking.Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice, his posture, or the look in his eyes? Stop and think.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.

Therefore, when you hear someone saying, please try to know what he really means.Don't just listen to what he says with your ears but feel the words he uses with your head.In this way you may make fewer mistakes.

小题1:.

.In the 1st paragraph, the writer says something that happened between him and his friends ____.

A.He feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him

B.He feels he may not have read his friends' true feelings correctly

C.He doesn't think it was a mistake to have broken up with his friend

D.He is sorry that his friends let him down小题2:.

This passage is mainly about __   __.

A.how to avoid mistakes about money and friends

B.what to do when you listen to others talking

C.how to avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you

D.why you keep people friendly without trusting them小题3:.

.According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that

A.we fail to listen carefully when they talk

B.people tend to be angry when we check what they say

C.people usually state one thing but mean another

D.we tend to doubt what our friends say小题4:.

.The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to__    __.

A.being friendly

B.a bit of envy

C.a lucky dog

D.your luck

答案

小题1:.B            

小题1:.C

小题1:.C

小题1:.B

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,回答问题。

海洋垃圾

  ①日本“3·11”9 级大地震并引发强烈海啸,大量的房屋、汽车和各种残骸卷入太平洋,形成了一个长约 111 公里的“垃圾岛”。研究人员估计,这个漂浮在海上的“垃圾岛”两年内会漂至夏威夷,3 年后漂到美国西岸。     

  ②其实,在日本地震和海啸导致大量垃圾卷入海洋之前,人们生活的这个星球中的海洋上就已经漂浮着大量的海上垃圾。2007 年,美国科学家发现,太平洋上漂浮着一个巨大的“太平洋垃圾岛”,其面积有两个美国得克萨斯州那么大。虽然后来有人认为其面积被过分夸大了,但其存在却是不争的事实。     

  ③海洋垃圾不仅影响海洋景观,还可能威胁航行安全。更可怕的是,会对海洋生态系统的健康产生严重的影响,进而对海洋经济产生负面效应。海洋垃圾已引起全球的高度重视,新加坡等发达国家正采取措施,尝试处理这一问题。 

  ④由于海上垃圾大部分是塑料,所以处理海上垃圾首选办法应当是焚烧发电。不过,海洋垃圾的焚烧也有几个问题需要解决。除了打捞、运输、搁置脱水外,还会遇到二恶英的排放问题。由于塑料焚烧可产生大量的二恶英,会危及环境和生态,需要有特别能控制二恶英排放的高级焚化炉。     

  ⑤海洋垃圾的另一个处理办法是建造人工岛屿。1998 年,新加坡政府在两个离岸的小岛实马高和西康之间建造了 1 公里长的岩石长堤,并分出了 11 个相互连接的海湾单元;将单元里的海水抽干,排放好一层厚厚的塑料膜;然后将垃圾灰烬倾倒在这些单元里进行密封,防止泄漏。至于垃圾中那些不能燃烧和回收的材料,比如石棉,也被塑料密封并掩埋在泥土中。此后,每个月都要对单元周围的海水取样检测,到现在为止,还没有发现任何单元有泄漏和污染海水的情况。每当一个单元的垃圾填到二三米高时,就进行铺沙种草,然后再继续埋置垃圾。如此反复,垃圾最高可埋置到 30 米,之后就在上面栽种植物,不再堆放垃圾。                                        (选自 2011 年 4 月 20 日《北京日报》,有删改。作者张田勘)

【相关链接】

  材料一 目前我国历年垃圾堆存量约 60 亿吨,占用耕地达 5 亿平方米。全国 660 个主要城市中,有 200个城市陷入垃圾包围之中。以城市人口 6 亿为例,如每人每年产生 440 公斤垃圾,年产生垃圾量为 2.64亿吨。

  材料二  英国的垃圾填埋率为 90%,意大利为 74%,美国为 67%,法国为 45%,德国为 46%。瑞士的垃圾焚烧率为 74%,日本为 72%,丹麦为 70%。美国的废纸利用率为 60%, 铁罐头盒回收率为 25%,玻璃回收率为 20%。

1. 文章第①段从日本大地震产生的垃圾岛写起,有何用意?

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2. 结合上下文,分别指出下列句子中加粗部分的作用。

(1)到现在为止,还没有发现任何单元有泄漏和污染海水的情况。

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(2)太平洋上漂浮着一个巨大的“太平洋垃圾岛”,其面积有两个美国得克萨斯州那么大

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3. 请用简洁的语言说明第⑤段中新加坡建造人工岛屿的具体步骤。(限 60字以内)

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4. 根据文章内容和链接材料,就垃圾问题进行探究,写出你的两点发现。

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