问题 解答题

如图是人体眼球结构示意图,请据图分析回答:

(1)眼睛中常被称为“白眼球”的部位是〔⑤〕______;常被称为“黑眼球”的部位是〔②〕______,它的中央有瞳孔.

(2)在眼球的成像过程中,对进入眼球的光线起折射作用的结构主要是〔④〕______.

(3)眼睛是获得外界信息的重要窗口,预防近视,爱护眼睛要从小做起,从自身做起,养成良好的用眼卫生习惯,请写出两项预防近视的措施.

①______

②______.

答案

(1)眼球由眼球壁和内容物组成,眼球壁包括外膜、中膜和内膜,外膜前面由无色透明的1角膜和后面白色坚韧的5巩膜组成;中膜由3虹膜、2睫状体和脉络膜组成,前面是虹膜,虹膜不透光有黑色素,俗称黑眼球,白种人是蓝色的,俗称蓝眼睛;内膜是含有感光细胞的6视网膜,可以形成物像,前面没有;内容物由房水、4晶状体、7玻璃体组成.晶状体似双凸透镜,对光线有折射作用,可以使远近不同的物体反射来的光线都能落在视网膜上.虹膜中央有瞳孔,瞳孔的大小可以调节,能够控制进入眼球内的光线.玻璃体是透明的胶状物.视网膜上有感光细胞,能接受光的刺激产生神经冲动.因此眼睛中被称为“白眼球”的部分是5巩膜;常被称为“黑眼球”的部分是3虹膜,它的中央有瞳孔.

(2)视觉形成的过程是:外界物体反射来的光线,经过角膜、房水,由瞳孔进入眼球内部,再经过晶状体和玻璃体的折射作用,在视网膜上能形成清晰的物像,物像刺激了视网膜上的感光细胞,这些感光细胞产生的神经冲动,沿着视神经传到大脑皮层的视觉中枢,就形成视觉.因此正常人的眼球会在6视网膜上形成清晰的物像,而视觉是在大脑皮层形成的.

(3)容易使眼球中的4晶状体过度变凸,且不能恢复原状而形成近视.有效预防该眼疾的具体措施是:三要是:读书写字的姿势要正确;看书写字40分钟后要到室外活动或向远处眺望一会儿;要认真做眼保健操,所按穴位要准确. 五不看是:不要在暗弱光线下和直射的阳光下看书写字;不要躺在床上、在公共汽车上或走路时看书;不要看字体过小、字行过密、字迹印刷不清的读物;做作业不要用淡色铅笔;看电视时间不要太久.

故答案为:

(1)巩膜;虹膜;

(2)晶状体;

(3)①要认真做眼保健操,所按穴位要准确;②不要在暗弱光线下和直射的阳光下看书写字

阅读理解

A 7-magnitude(震级)earthquake hit Ya'an,Sichuan at 8:02 on April 20, 2013, and it killed at least 196 people and injured more than 11,000.

Together with other students, Yang Xuelan ran out to the playground. She was safe. But all her textbooks and exercise books were buried(埋)in the teaching building.

What can we do when an earthquake happens? In fact, there's little we can do to stop natural disasters (自然灾害) such as earthquakes happening. But, some methods can reduce the harm they cause.

◆ Drop down onto your hands and knees. This way can protect you from falling.

◆ Cover your head under a strong table or desk. You can also stay along a wall,and cover your head with your arms and hands.

◆ Hold on to(守住,抓牢) your shelter(遮蔽物) until the shaking stops. Be prepared to move with your shelter if the shaking continues.

Schools can normally take the earthquake drills(演练) to help student stay alive.

小题1:How many people lost their lives in the earthquake in Ya'an?

A.At least 196.

B.More than 11,000.

C.Less than 196.

D.About 11,196.小题2:When the earthquake happened in Ya'an, Yang Xuelan was         .

A.at home

B.at school

C.on her way to school

D.playing on the playground小题3:What does the underlined word "reduce" mean in Chinese?

A.提高

B.阻止

C.增加

D.减少小题4:According to the writer, we can       to reduce the harm natural disasters cause.

A.do nothing

B.stay at home

C.take some methods

D.run out of the house小题5:Which of the following can help you stay alive in an earthquake?

A. Dropping down onto your hands and knees.

B. Covering your head under a strong table or desk.

C. Holding on to your shelter until the shaking stops.

D. A, B and C.

填空题