问题 阅读理解与欣赏

文言文阅读(9分)

阅读下面的文言文,完成小题。

赵良淳,字景程,丞相汝愚曾孙也。少学于其乡先生饶鲁,知立身大节。及仕,所至以干治称,而未尝干人荐举。初以荫为泰宁主簿,三迁至淮西运辖,浮湛冗官二十余年。考举及格,改知分宁县。分宁,江西剧邑,俗尚哗讦,良淳治之,不用刑戮,不任吏胥,取民之敦孝者,身亲尊礼之,至甚桀骜者,乃绳以法,俗为少革。咸淳末,除知安吉州。良淳至,日与僚吏论所以守御之备,悉举行之。时岁饥,民相聚为盗,所在蜂起。或请以兵击之,良淳曰:“民岂乐为盗哉?时艰岁旱,故相率剽掠苟活耳。”命僚属以义谕之,众皆投兵散归,其不归者众缚以献。有掠人货财诣其主谢过而还之者。良淳劝富人出粟振之,尝语人曰:“使太守身可以济民,亦所不惜也。”其言恳恳,足以动人,人皆倒囷以应之。已而范文虎遣使持书招降,良淳焚书斩其使。大兵至,军其东西门。先是,朝廷遣将吴国定援宜兴,宜兴已危,不敢往,乃如安吉见良淳,愿留以为辅。良淳见国定慷慨大言,意其可用也,请于朝,留戍安吉。已而国定开南门纳外兵,兵入城呼曰“众散,元帅不杀汝。”于是众号泣散去。良淳命车归府,兵士止之曰:“事至此,侍郎当为自全计。”良淳叱去之。命家人出避,乃闭阁自经。有兵士解救之,复苏,众罗拜泣曰:“侍郎何自苦?逃之犹可求生。”良淳叱曰:“我岂逃生者邪?”众犹环守不去,良淳大呼曰:“尔辈欲为乱邪?”众涕泣出,复投缳而死。

(节选自《宋史·赵良淳传》)

小题1:对下列句子中划线的词的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.而未尝人荐举干:请求

B.初以为泰宁主簿荫:功绩

C.分宁,江西剧邑,俗哗讦尚:盛行

D.取民之敦孝者,亲尊礼之身:自己。小题2:以下各组句子中,全都表明赵良淳关心百姓疾苦的一组是(3分)

① 民岂乐为盗哉

② 时艰岁旱,故相率剽掠苟活耳

③ 良淳劝富人出粟振之

④ 使太守身可以济民,亦所不惜也

⑤ 其言恳恳,足以动人

⑥ 人皆倒囷以应之

A.①②④

B.①⑤⑥

C.②③⑥

D.③④⑤小题3:下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.赵良淳具有良好的素养和才干,他身为丞相赵汝愚的曾孙,自小师从同乡饶鲁,养成立身处事的操守,出仕后,他在所到之处都以干练而有治理才能著称。

B.赵良淳主管分宁县时多方改变当地不良习俗。他一方面礼尊敦厚孝顺的人,力求为百姓树立榜样;一方面对极为桀骜不驯者绳之以法,习俗因此稍有变化。

C.赵良淳主管安吉州时善于解决聚众哄抢事件,当时正值粮荒,抢劫之事频繁发生,他不同意以武力 * * ,命令僚属晓以大义,以致有人交还了抢掠去的财物。

D.赵良淳面临危难时能够舍生取义。在安吉防守战中,吴国定打开南门让敌兵涌入,良淳见大势已去,让兵士逃生,令家人出避,自己却不愿逃命,自杀而死。小题4:把文中画横线句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)良淳见国定慷慨大言,意其可用也,请于朝,留戍安吉。

(2)众犹环守不去,良淳大呼曰:“尔辈欲为乱邪?”众涕泣出,复投缳而死。

答案

小题1:B

小题2:D

小题3:D

小题4:

(1)赵良淳见吴国定情绪激昂地高谈阔论,料想他可以任用,向朝廷请示后,留下他来防守安吉。

(2)众人仍守在四周不走,赵良淳大声呼喊道:“你们想作乱吗?”众人流着泪出去,他再次上吊而死。

小题1:本题考查对文言文语段中实词词义的理解,能力层级为B级。

分析本题,可以先从词的用法进行分析,明确其词性是否符合其语法位置;然后结合语言环境分析其词义,最终得出正确答案。通过对用法的分析,B选项中“荫”一词明显处于谓语位置,应为动词,而所给含义为名词。

小题2:本题考查对“赵良淳关心百姓疾苦”这一信息的筛选能力,能力层级为C级。

解答此类试题,首先看清题干的要求,明确题目要求;其次要弄清选项中每个句子的意思;最后区别选项中每个句子是否属于题干所要求的对象和特点。通过筛选,①只是良淳的一种对盗贼的看法,②是表明当时的一种社会现实,⑤只是强调了他的话感人。

小题3:本题考查归纳内容要点,概括中心意思的能力,能力层级为C级。

解答此类题的要领是:①总体阅读,整体把握。②抓住选项,读准读全。③辨析差异,排除干扰。通过阅读全文,结合语境分析,D选项“良淳见大势已去,让兵士逃生”这一信息与原文不符,原文中给的是“兵入城呼约:‘众散,元帅不杀汝。’”

小题4:本题考查考生对文言文理解为现代汉语的翻译能力。能力层级为B级。

文言翻译要注意直译为主,意译为辅。翻译时注意一些句式、固定结构、重点的实词和虚词,但要注意翻译出来,整体顺畅,无语病。本题第一句翻译时首先要译出句子大意,并对“大言”“意”“戍”三个重点实词进行准确翻译。第二句首先要译出句子大意,并对“环守”“尔辈”“投缳”三个重点实词进行准确翻译。

参考译文:

赵良淳,字景程,是丞相汝愚曾孙。良淳从小跟从他们乡的先生饶鲁求学,懂得立身的大节。等到做了官,所到的地方以干练治理而著称,却不曾求人举荐。最初凭前辈功绩做泰宁主簿,多次升迁到淮西运辖,在官场浮沉二十多年。考试举人及格,改知分宁县。分宁,是江西的大县,习俗喜欢喧哗和攻击别人,赵良淳治理该县,没有使用刑法和杀戮,没有任用吏胥,选取忠厚孝顺的人,亲自尊敬礼遇他们,至于对那些特别桀骜不驯的人,就绳之以法,坏的习俗被稍微革除了一些。咸淳末年,任命他到安吉州任职。赵良淳到任后,每天和属吏讨论用来守御的方法,都加以实行。当时年成饥荒,百姓在一起成为盗贼,所在的地方蜂拥而起。有人请求出兵打击他们,赵良淳说:“百姓难道愿意做盗贼吗?时势艰难又遇大旱,所以一起剽掠苟活下去罢了。”命令僚属对他们晓以大义,众人都扔下武器分散而回,那些不走的人众人把他们捆住献来。有抢了人家的财货到主人那里去谢罪并归还人家的人。赵良淳劝富人拿出粟米赈济他们,曾经对人说:“假如太守的身体可以赈济百姓,也在所不惜。”他的话非常诚恳,足以打动人们,人们尽出谷仓的粮食来响应他。不久范文虎派使者拿着书信前来招降,赵良淳烧掉书信斩杀使者。元兵来到,在他们的东西门驻军。在此之前,朝廷派大将吴国定增援宜兴,宜兴已经危急,他不敢去,就到安吉见赵良淳,愿意留下来作为辅助力量。赵良淳见吴国定情绪激昂地高谈阔论,料想他可以任用,向朝廷请示后,留下他来防守安吉。不久吴国定打开南门接纳外面的元兵,元兵进入城中呼叫道:“众人散去,元帅不杀你们。”于是众人大声哭泣散去。赵良淳命令驱车回府,士兵制止他说:“事情到了这种你地步,侍郎你应当保全自身着想。”赵良淳呵斥众人离去。让家里人出去躲避,就关上门自杀。有士兵来解救他,他又醒过来,众人列拜哭泣说:“侍郎何必苦自己呢?逃走仍然可以求生。”赵良淳叱责他们所:“我难道是个逃生的人吗?”众人仍守在四周不走,赵良淳大声呼喊道:“你们想作乱吗?”众人流着泪出去,他再次上吊而死。

解答题
阅读理解

[1]All people have dreams and they obey the rule that if you can dream it, you can achieve it! Here are four goals for people to reach a perfect life in their future.

[2]The first goal common to all of us in health and energy. We all want to be healthy and fit, to have high levels of energy and to live free of pain and illness. Today, with the incredible advances in medical science, the quality of our health and fitness, and our lifespan, is largely determined by design, not by chance. People with excellent health habits are far healthier, have more energy, and live longer and better than people who have poor health habits. Remember that health is not everything, but without health everything is nothing!

[3]The second goal that we all have in common is to enjoy excellent relationships – intimate, personal or social – with the people we like and respect, and who                         is turn. Fully 85% of your happiness will be determined by the quality of your relationships at each stage, and in each area, of your life. How well you get along with people, and how much they     , have more impact on the quality of your life than perhaps any other factor.

The third common goal is to do work that we enjoy, to do it well, and to be well paid for it. You want to be able to get and keep the job you want, to get paid more and promoted (晋升) faster. You want to earn the very most that is possible for you at each stage of your career, whatever you do.

The fourth goal we all have in common is to achieve financial independence. You want to reach the point in life where you have enough money so that you never have any financial worries. You want to be completely free of them. You want to be able to order dinner in a restaurant without referring to the price listing to determine what you want to eat.

小题1:What does this passage chiefly talk about? (no more than 12 words)

小题2:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 6 words)

小题3:Complete the following sentence with proper words according to the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4? (no more than 6 words)

Everybody wants to make                         no matter what job he is engaged in.

小题4:Why does the author put health ahead of other goals? (no more than 20 words)

小题5:What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)