下面( )属于城市中经济活动的外部性负效果。
A．由于机场的噪声污染，使得机场周围的房地产贬值
B．城市道路的拓展带来沿道路两边的发展
C．绿地广场的建设导致其周边房地产的升值和热销
D．房地产开发商为了追求最大利润，尽可能提高建筑容积率，使房屋的日照和通风受到阻碍
E．工厂由于“三废”排放不合标准，污染了大片区域及水体
参考答案：A,D,E
解析： 外部效果问题是项目经济的“外涉性”问题。所谓“外涉性”，就是为了自身目标而努力的人和部门，在努力的过程中或由于努力的结果而使社会得到意外的收益，或给他人或其他部门带来麻烦和损害的现象。使社会受益的称为外部性经济正效果，例选项中的如B、C项；产生损害性的外涉影响称为外部性经济负效果，诸如选项中的A、D、E项。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 By teaching your children fire safety rules you can ensure they know what to do when a house fire occurs. Making sure your children know exactly what is required of them cuts down the chaos of the emergency situation and helps keep your family safe and secure. All children should know about important fire safety procedures. For example, tell your children to stay low to the ground in a smoky room, which keeps them from breathing smoke, as smoke always rises towards the ceiling. Also tell them that they can put a damp towel or a piece of clothing over their faces and breathe in through it to cut down the effects of breathing smoke even more. In addition, make sure your children know how to correctly stop, drop and roll when their clothes catch fire. Because it results in loss of oxygen, which puts out the flames. Also your children should know to touch door handles before opening the doors to see if they’re hot. If they are, it means there’s a fire in the next room, and they should leave the door closed and find another route out of the house. Make sure your children never play with lighters or matches. Usually, many children are attracted by lighters and matches and want to experiment with setting things on fire to see what happens. So hide lighters and matches in some place your children can’t reach. Do regular fire drills to act out and improve your evacuation（疏散）plan. Make sure everyone knows all the possible exits of the house they can use, and that all members of your family know your evacuation plan well enough so that they don’t have to waste time thinking if a fire starts. Quick, determined response to a fire will save your family members’ lives.
| ||||||||||