问题 改错题

阅读下列材料,

中华人民共和国成立以后,奉行独立自主的和平外交政策,积极开展外交活动,取得了巨大的成就。

一个美国记者评论周恩来在万隆会议中的作用时说:“周恩来并不打算改变任何一个坚持 * * 立场的领导人的态度,但是他改变了会议的航向”。   

30年来,在党中央坚强有力的领导下,我们顺应形势,开拓进取,把握机遇,化解挑战,取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。中国国际地位显著提高,国际影响日益扩大,与世界各国友好合作关系全面发展。北京奥运会的空前盛况,标志着中国将以更加开放的姿态活跃在世界舞台上。                                                           

——杨洁篪《改革开放以来中国外交成就与经验》

请回答:

(1)周恩来为什么能够改变会议的航向?这一事件具有怎样的历史意义?1953年周恩来 * * 在接见印度代表团时首次提出的处理两国关系的原则是什么(3分)

(2)在中美关系上,有的同学认为美国常常给中国制造麻烦,我们不应该和美国建立外交关系;还有的同学认为中美关系之间虽然有矛盾,但是有更广泛的合作领域,应该增进了解,扩大共识,发展建设性合作伙伴关系,请你谈谈你的认识。(2分)

(3)在改革开放以来我国“取得了举世瞩目的成就”请你说出取得的成就有哪些?(1分)

(4)你如何理解“弱国无外交”这句话?为什么中国的外交会取得这样的成就?(2分)

答案

(1)他提出了“求同存异”的方针;意义:促进了会议的圆满成功,也促进了中国同亚非各国的团结与合作。提出了和平共处的五项原则。

(2)中国和美国是世界上的两个大国,两国之间因为社会制度和国家利益等方面的不同和差异,必然存在矛盾和分歧;但是在全球化的今天,两国应该加强合作,发展友好关系,这无论是对美国还是中国,以及对世界和平、稳定与发展都有重要的意义。(观点正确,言之有理即可得分)

(3)中国加入世界贸易组织。中国加入亚太经合组织。中国发起成立了上海合作组织。

(4)国家实力弱小,在外交上没有地位,受欺负。新中国成立以后,特别是改革开放以来,中国经济发展,国家综合实力不断提高,中国政府奉行独立自主、和平共处五项原则的外交政策,赢得了大多数国家的尊重。(言之有理即可得分)

题目分析:(1)根据材料结合所学知识可知,本小题考查万隆会议,在这次会议上,由于帝国主义的挑拨,一些国家怀疑中国搞“颠覆”活动,为此,周恩来提“出求同存异”的方针,促进会议圆满成功;和平共处五项原则是1953年周恩来 * * 在接见印度代表团时首次提出的处理两国关系。即互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处。

(2)本小题主观性较大,中美之间虽然存在这样或那样的矛盾和分歧,但中美关系正常化,由于中美两国政治、经济、文化等方面的交流,正所谓和则两利,分则两害;中美关系正常化对世界和平、稳定与发展都有重要的意义。

(3)本小题考查改革开放以来,我国外交事业的巨大成就。如中国加入世界贸易组织。中国加入亚太经合组织。中国发起成立了上海合作组织等等;如果不注意审题学生容易列举70年代的外交成就,所以一定要认真审题,把握时间范围。

(4)结合近代中国被侵略、被奴役的屈辱历史来看,旧中国国家实力弱小,在外交上没有地位,受欺负。新中国成立后,特别是改革开放以来,中国经济发展,国家综合实力不断提高,中国政府奉行独立自主、和平共处五项原则的外交政策,赢得了大多数国家的尊重。

点评:本题难度较大,考查学生的识记和理解能力。本题还可以引导学生注意学习20世纪70年代我国外交事业取得几项重大成就,如中美关系正常化,中日建交、中国恢复在联合国的合法席位等等。

阅读理解

Mom was right!If you say thank you,for even the smallest gift or slightest show of kindness,you’ll feel happy.

Gratitude(感谢),says Robert A.Emmons,a professor of psychology at the University of California,is an important element of happiness.In his recent book,Thanks!,Emmons uses the first major study on gratitude to prove mom’s point.In acknowledging and developing this much­ignored expression of thankfulness,he explains how people have benefited—even improved their health.

As one of the leading scholars of the positive psychology movement,he admits gratitude may be difficult to express.He advises you to begin by admitting that life is good and full of events and elements that make daily existence a wonder.Second,recognize that the source of life’s goodness is more than just you.That source may be your mom,a friend,partner,child,colleague at work or play,or any combination of these.

Gratitude is always other­directed,notes Emmons.You can be pleased or angry with yourself and feel guilty about doing something wrong,but you can never be grateful to or for yourself.

Expressing gratitude shouldn’t be a reaction;it should be a state of mind.To feel grateful when life is a breeze and you have more than you need is easy.To feel grateful in time of crisis—anger,hatred and bitterness—is easier.Also,too many people are aware of life’s blessings only after these are lost.The voices expressing gratitude from his studies of individuals are many.

It’s crisis and chaos—danger,disease,disability and death—that bring many individuals to realize just how dependent they are on others.Yet it’s the way each of us begins life and ends it.It’s too bad that so many people waste those decades in between labouring under the illusion(幻觉) they are self­sufficient,says Emmons.

To enable and embrace gratitude,Emmons encourages the readers of Thanks! to keep a gratitude diary.He even provides easy­to­follow directions on how to practise and develop gratitude.

I’m not a reader or advocate of self­help books,but I am thankful for the reference I found in a newspaper article to the research Emmons was conducting on gratitude involving organ donors and recipients(接受者).The chance discovery led me to this book.

Mom implied that kindness seems to find its way back to the giver because life really is all about giving,receiving and repaying.So I’ll pay attention to her professional advice and say:Thank you,professor Emmons.

小题1:What is the text mainly discussed?

A.There are many ways of being thankful.

B.Gratitude is important to happiness.

C.Mom is great for her being thankful.

D.Being thankful will keep you fit.小题2:The author mentions Robert A.Emmons’book Thanks! in order to prove that ________.

A.Professor Emmons supports mom’s study on psychology

B.mom is as great a psychologist as Professor Emmons

C.Professor Emmons is a famous psychologist

D.mom is right about her viewpoint on gratitude

小题3:It will be easier for you to feel grateful when ______.

A.you live a comfortable life

B.you receive gifts on your birthday

C.you get help during your hard times

D.you are congratulated on your success小题4:What is the opinion of Professor Emmons?

A.It is enough to thank others orally.

B.Whether you are thankful is always up to you.

C.Remember to be thankful anytime and anywhere.

D.It is easier to be thankful for yourself than for others.

单项选择题