问题 阅读理解与欣赏

侍中侍郎郭攸之、费袜、董允等,此皆良实,志虑忠纯,是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事,事无大小,悉以咨之,然后施行,必能裨补阙漏,有所广益。

* * 向宠,性行淑均,晓畅军事,试用于昔日,先帝称之日能,是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事,悉以咨之,必能使行阵和睦,优劣得所。

亲贤臣,远小人,此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人,远贤臣,此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时,每与臣论此事,未尝不叹息痛十艮于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军,此悉贞良死节之臣,愿陛下亲之信之,则汉室之隆,可计日而待也。

小题1:下面哪一组句子加线词的意义或用法相同?(2分)

A.是以先帝简拔以陛下

B.性淑均

邻人京城氏之孀妻有男(《愚公移山》)道之人弗受(《鱼我所欲也》)

C.此贞良死节之臣

D.愿陛下亲之如外人(《桃花源记》)                       小未孚(《曹刿论战》)

小题2:下面句子节奏的划分有误的是哪一项?(2分)

A.是以/众议/举宠为督

B.未尝/不叹息痛恨/于桓灵也

C.居/庙堂之高/则忧其民(《岳阳楼记》)

D.余/因得/遍观群书(《送东阳马生序》)小题3:根据选文内容,用自己的话说说诸葛亮选用人才的标准是什么。(2分)

小题4:节选的三段文字,诸葛亮意在向后主刘禅提出什么忠告?主要采用什么方法强调了这一忠告的重要性?(2分)

答案

小题1:C

小题2:B

小题3:善良忠诚,有才能。

小题4:提出“亲贤臣远小人”的忠告。列举(对比)了先汉兴隆和后汉倾颓的事实来强调它的重要性。

小题1:

题目分析:A项中“遗”一是“留给”一为“孤”,B项中“行”一是“品行”一是“步行”,C项中“悉”皆为“都”,D项中“信”一为“信任”一为“信用”。

点评:本题不难,几个词是常见字词,比较容易判断。古文字词一词多义是很多的,变化比较复杂,要掌握一词多义,必须在学习里仔细了解字词在不同语言中的用法,归纳特点,加强记忆。

小题2:

题目分析:B句“不叹息痛恨”与“于桓灵也”之间不能划分,这是个倒装句,在意思和语气上这是连贯的一句话,

点评:本题有难度,错误的节奏划分,学生不易判断出来,学习文言文,首先要朗读,朗读就要注意句子的停顿,学习时要多听教师的范读,听取老师对朗读停顿方法的指导。做此类题,先要读懂句子的意思,根据意思来判断朗读停顿,也是一种办法。一般来说,被陈述的主体(主语)和陈述的内容(谓语)之间要划分,如果句子很长,修饰语与中心语之间要划分。

小题3:

题目分析:从第一二段中“此皆良实”“志虑忠纯”“性行淑均”“晓畅军事”诸葛亮评价人才的语言中用自己的话概括。

点评:本题不难,但要细心阅读。在阅读时,要根据所提问的问题,找到与问题有关联性的信息,有现成的句子就摘录,没有就自己概括。

小题4:

题目分析:摘引第三段开头句“亲贤臣远小人”作答即可。诸葛亮说先汉兴隆和后汉倾颓的事实是运用对比的方法说理。

点评:本题不难,文中有明确的文字信息,易于概括。阅读考试中大多有概括要点这类的题目,解答时关键是要仔细的阅读文字,根据要求分析文字信息。概括要点,语方要简练,点明即可。

阅读理解

BUILDING up a close bond (关系) with friends is important in all cultures. But different cultures have different ways of socializing.

The Chinese love going to restaurants. Family, friends and colleagues all go out to eat as a way of relaxing. So Chinese restaurants are much louder and noisier places compared with those in the Western world.

Although British people do socialize by going out for dinner, most people meet in pubs. They go there in the evening and sometimes during the day. Most people order wine or beer.

Going for a drink with colleagues after work is a particularly important British tradition. A recent survey of office workers found three-quarters of people regard the after-work drink as the key to building positive relationships with colleagues.

But for the French, the preferred place to socialize is in cafés. They are a central part of daily life in France and its culture. People will go to cafes at all times during the day.

In the morning, people may go there to buy a newspaper and a cup of coffee. At lunch they may go there for something to eat. Then when it's evening they may return to enjoy a glass of wine.

While the meeting place is different from culture to culture, "Essentially (本质上) they serve the same purpose, which is that humans need a place to come together to meet," said Aidan Saunders, a professor of social history at the University College London. "We are sociable animals."

People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.

小题1:What is the passage mainly about?      

A.Different cultures and different people.

B.Different places where different people love to go.

C.Different ways of building up relationships with friends

D.Different relationships in different countries.小题2:Which of the following is true according to the passage?   

A.The Chinese love to dine out.

B.The Chinese always talk loudly in restaurants.

C.Making friends is an important thing in all countries

D.French people spend all their time in cafes.小题3:What does Aidan Saunders mean by "We are sociable animals."?   

A.Human beings need society to survive in.

B.Human beings need to communicate with each other.

C.Human beings are the same as the other animals.

D.Human beings are also animals belonging to the society.小题4: The following are all mentioned as ways of socializing except         .   

A.dining out with friends

B.drinking in pubs with colleagues after work

C.going to the cafes to have a cup of coffee

D.going to the cinema to see a film小题5:Who are the intended readers of the passage ?        

A.People in general.

B.Adolescents.

C.Business people.

D.Educators.

单项选择题