问题 阅读理解与欣赏

文言文阅读(共9分)

①臣本布衣,躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆,受任于败军之际,奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有一年矣。

②先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡泸,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三军,北定中原,庶竭驽钝,攘除 * * 凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之、祎、允之任也。

③愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效,不效则治臣之罪,以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言,则责攸之、祎、允等之慢,以彰其咎;陛下亦宜自谋,以咨诹善道,察纳雅言,深追先帝遗诏,臣不胜受恩感激。

④今当远离,临表涕零,不知所言。

小题1:解释下列语句中划线词的意思。(2分)

①遂先帝以驱驰 ②以其咎

小题2:用现代汉语翻译下面的语句。(4分)

①庶竭驽钝,攘除 * * 凶

翻译:

②咨诹善道,察纳雅言

翻译:

小题3:选段中诸葛亮“报先帝而忠陛下”的原因是什么?(4分)

答:

答案

小题1:答应 ② 表明、显扬 评分:本题共2分,每小题 1分

小题2:①(我)希望竭尽自己低下的才能,去铲除那些 * * 邪凶恶的敌人。

②征询从善的道理,明察和接受正直的进言评分:本题共4分,每小题 2分

小题3:原因:先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事;

临崩寄臣以大事。评分:本题共4分, 每点2分

题目分析:

小题1:许在这里是答应的意思,如“安陵君其许寡人”的许也是这个意思。彰是表明、显扬的意思。

小题2:①庶是表示希望,愿望,竭:是竭尽全力,驽钝:比喻才能平庸。攘除:排除,铲除。 * * 凶是形容词作名词, * * 邪凶恶的敌人。 ②咨诹是询问的意思,察纳明察接受,雅言是正言的意思。

小题3:注意题干中“选段中诸葛亮“报先帝而忠陛下”的原因是什么”即是用原文回答。原因就是“先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事;

临崩寄臣以大事。”

点评:要确定文言实词在具体语境中的含义,不仅要靠平时的积累,还要在积累的基础上掌握一些推断词义的方法。还要注意一词多义、词类活用、古今异义、通假字等现象。理解并翻译文言句子时,既要注意顾及全篇,又要字斟句酌,还注意落实一些重点词语。特别要注意一些特殊的文言现象,如通假字、古今异义词、词类活用、一词多义等。翻译的句式要和原文一致。理解文言文的内容要在疏通文意的基础上,概括出选段的主要内容,再根据题干的要求用原文的语句进行回答。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     DOYLESTOWN STATION, Pa. (CBS)-Marie Buonanno has boxes of holiday lights to decorate

her house. She already has one tree up in her living room and a nativity scene. But this holiday season,

she would not dare decorate outside.

     " It is very disappointing that we can' t celebrate the Christmas holiday the way that we religiously

choose to," says Buonanno.

     Her home only has a holiday wreath on the door, since the Doylestown Station Condominium

Association told her the bylaws do not allow colored Christmas lights. Last year, she was fined $400,

$ 10 for each day her lights were up. But she says she was the only one slapped with a fine.

     "One of my neighbors that I spoke to a few days ago, who decorates with multicolored lights, says

he never got a letter of warning or a fine. "

     Only white, non-blinking lights are allowed outside. And you can only put up a single white, blue, or

orange light in your windows. Neighbors collected 62 signatures to ask the Association board to allow

colored Christmas lights. In response, the Association sent out a survey.

     Out of 38 total responses, 19 voted for white lights, 14 voted for colored non-blinking lights, and 5

voted for colored blinking. The board said the vote was 19-14 against colored lights, interpreting the 5

votes as a separate category.

     "As long as it" s tasteful," says neighbor Marc Udell, "let the community do what the community is

going to do. "

     No one answered the door at the Association president* s house. Some neighbors say they like the

look of white lights.

    "Some colored lights are pretty and they have their place in neighborhoods, but you never really know

how far people are going to go with them," says Jeff Edwards.

     It will be a holiday of white lights for Buonanno and her neighborhood. She says for now she will

miss her colored lights and the holiday cheer they brought to her home.

1. This holiday season, Marie Buonanno has no choice but to _____.

A. keep the colored lights in

B. sell the colored lights out

C. leave the Christmas tree out

D. change all the attractive lights

2. The underlined part in the 3rd paragraph means _____.

A. she was the only rich woman in the neighborhood

B. she was the only resident punished with a fine

C. she was the only resident full of strange ideas

D. she was the only person fooled by neighbors

3. Which column does this passage belong to?

A. Science      

B. Environment    

C. Education    

D. News

4. According to this passage, colored lights are not allowed to decorate the outside of houses because _.

A. they are too pretty to be stolen

B. they waste a lot of energy

C. they can trick passers-by

D. they can make neighbors blind

单项选择题